Nokea
A 38-year-old patient who has type 1 diabetes plans to swim laps daily at 1:00 PM. The clinic nurse will plan to teach the patient to
- A. check glucose levels before, during, and after swimming.
- B. delay eating the noon meal until after swimming.
- C. increase the morning dose of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin.
- D. time the morning insulin injection so that the peak occurs while swimming.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the patient with type 1 diabetes should check glucose levels before, during, and after swimming to monitor for fluctuations and adjust insulin or food intake accordingly. This allows for better glycemic control and prevents hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia during and after swimming.
Choice B is incorrect because delaying eating can lead to hypoglycemia during swimming due to increased insulin action without adequate glucose intake. Choice C is incorrect as increasing NPH insulin dose without monitoring glucose levels can result in hypoglycemia during exercise. Choice D is incorrect because timing the insulin injection for peak action while swimming can also lead to hypoglycemia if glucose levels are not monitored.
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Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention strategy in public health?
- A. Screening for diabetes
- B. Vaccination programs
- C. Emergency response planning
- D. Chronic disease management
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vaccination programs. Primary prevention aims to prevent the onset of disease before it occurs. Vaccination programs are a classic example as they protect individuals from contracting infectious diseases, thus preventing the occurrence of the disease in the first place. Screening for diabetes (A) is a form of secondary prevention, aiming to detect the condition early to prevent complications. Emergency response planning (C) focuses on preparedness for disasters rather than preventing diseases. Chronic disease management (D) involves managing existing conditions rather than preventing their occurrence.
Which of the following are important techniques when giving directions to subordinates? (EXCEPT)
- A. Know the context of the instructions.
- B. Use lateral communication.
- C. Verify feedback.
- D. Get positive attention.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Use lateral communication. This is not an important technique when giving directions to subordinates because lateral communication typically involves communication between peers or individuals at the same hierarchical level. When giving directions to subordinates, it is crucial to maintain clear communication channels between superiors and subordinates to ensure clarity and accountability.
A: Knowing the context of the instructions is important to provide relevant and meaningful directions.
C: Verifying feedback helps ensure that the subordinates have understood the directions correctly and can address any misunderstandings.
D: Getting positive attention can motivate subordinates to follow directions effectively, but it is not a fundamental technique for giving directions.
Factors that may contribute to workplace violence in a health care setting include:
- A. Lack of armed security
- B. Continuous loud noises and/or poorly monitored entrances
- C. Poor staff interactions
- D. Tense shoulders and clenched fists
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because continuous loud noises and poorly monitored entrances can create a stressful environment, leading to heightened emotions and potential triggers for violence. Loud noises can increase agitation, while poorly monitored entrances can allow unauthorized individuals to enter, posing a security risk. The other choices are incorrect because lack of armed security (A) is not a direct cause of workplace violence, poor staff interactions (C) may contribute to a negative work environment but not necessarily violence, and tense shoulders and clenched fists (D) are physical signs of stress but do not directly cause workplace violence.
What is the primary goal of patient education?
- A. To enhance clinical skills
- B. To ensure patient safety
- C. To empower patients to take control of their health
- D. To improve patient compliance
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary goal of patient education is to empower patients to take control of their health. This helps them make informed decisions, manage their conditions effectively, and improve their overall well-being. By educating patients, healthcare providers enable them to actively participate in their own care, leading to better health outcomes.
Choice A (To enhance clinical skills) is incorrect as patient education focuses on empowering patients rather than improving the skills of healthcare providers.
Choice B (To ensure patient safety) is also incorrect as while patient education contributes to patient safety, the primary goal is to empower patients to manage their health.
Choice D (To improve patient compliance) is not the primary goal of patient education, although improved compliance may be an outcome of patient empowerment.
An RN is working through an ethical dilemma involving a patient on his unit. He has just identified the decision makers involved. Which step best describes the current stage the RN is working through?
- A. Assessment
- B. Diagnosis
- C. Planning
- D. Implementation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Planning. In the ethical decision-making process, after identifying the decision makers involved, the next step is to plan the course of action to address the dilemma. This involves considering various options, weighing the pros and cons, and formulating a strategy to resolve the ethical issue. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Assessment - This step involves gathering information and data to fully understand the ethical issue at hand.
B: Diagnosis - This step involves analyzing the information collected during the assessment phase to identify the root cause of the ethical dilemma.
D: Implementation - This step comes after planning and involves putting the chosen course of action into practice.