Nokea
A nurse is teaching a patient with a history of stroke about preventing future strokes. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will take my blood pressure medication regularly.
- B. I will limit my alcohol consumption.
- C. I can stop taking my medication once my blood pressure is normal.
- D. I will maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because stopping medication once blood pressure is normal can lead to a rebound increase in blood pressure, increasing the risk of stroke. A patient with a history of stroke needs to continue taking medications as prescribed to maintain optimal blood pressure control. Statements A, B, and D are all indicative of good stroke prevention strategies, such as managing blood pressure, limiting alcohol intake, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
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Which condition is characterized by writhing, twisting movements of the face and limbs?
- A. epilepsy
- B. Parkinson's
- C. muscular sclerosis
- D. Huntington's chorea
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Huntington's chorea. Huntington's chorea is a genetic disorder characterized by involuntary, writhing, and twisting movements of the face and limbs, known as chorea. This is due to degeneration of certain brain cells. Epilepsy (A) involves seizures, not specific movements. Parkinson's (B) is characterized by tremors and rigidity, not chorea. Multiple sclerosis (C) affects the central nervous system, causing a variety of symptoms, but not typically chorea.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is post-operative following a hip replacement. The nurse should prioritize which of the following to prevent complications?
- A. Administering pain medication regularly.
- B. Encouraging deep breathing exercises.
- C. Monitoring for signs of infection.
- D. Encouraging early ambulation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Encouraging early ambulation. Early ambulation helps prevent complications such as blood clots, pneumonia, and muscle weakness. It improves circulation, lung function, and overall recovery. Administering pain medication regularly (A) is important but not the top priority. Deep breathing exercises (B) are beneficial but not as crucial as early ambulation post-hip replacement. Monitoring for signs of infection (C) is essential but not the top priority for preventing complications in this case.
How many teeth should an 18-month-old child have?
- A. 6
- B. 8
- C. 12
- D. 16
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 12. At 18 months, a child should have 12 teeth, which include 8 incisors and 4 molars. This is because children typically start teething around 6 months, with the lower central incisors coming first. By 18 months, they should have all 8 incisors and usually the first set of molars. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the typical dental development timeline for children. Having only 6, 8, or 16 teeth at 18 months would indicate a delay or abnormality in dental growth.
What is the most appropriate intervention for a client with an obstructed airway?
- A. Administer oxygen
- B. Monitor respiratory rate
- C. Apply a cold compress
- D. Administer corticosteroids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer oxygen. This intervention is crucial for a client with an obstructed airway as it helps maintain oxygenation while efforts are made to clear the obstruction. Oxygen administration ensures the client receives adequate oxygen supply to prevent hypoxia and further complications. Monitoring respiratory rate (B) is important but not the priority when airway obstruction is present. Applying a cold compress (C) or administering corticosteroids (D) are not appropriate interventions for an obstructed airway and do not address the immediate need for adequate oxygenation.
What is the highest priority for a nurse treating a client with a stab wound to the chest?
- A. Secure the airway
- B. Administer oxygen
- C. Turn the mother
- D. Apply an abdominal binder
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Secure the airway. This is the highest priority for a nurse treating a client with a stab wound to the chest because airway management is crucial for ensuring the client can breathe effectively. If the airway is compromised, the client may not be able to oxygenate properly, leading to serious complications or even death. Administering oxygen (choice B) can help with oxygenation but is not as critical as ensuring the airway is clear. Turning the client (choice C) or applying an abdominal binder (choice D) are not appropriate actions for a stab wound to the chest and would not address the immediate life-threatening issue of airway compromise.