Nokea
A nurse is working with a teenage boy who was recently diagnosed with asthma. During the current session, the nurse has taught the boy how to administer his bronchodilator by metered-dose inhaler. How should the nurse evaluate the teaching-learning process?
- A. Ask the boy specific questions about his medication.
- B. Ask the boy whether he now understands how to use his inhaler.
- C. Directly observe the boy using his inhaler to give himself a dose.
- D. Assess the boys respiratory health at the next scheduled visit.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Demonstration and practice are essential ingredients of a teaching program, especially when teaching skills. It is best to demonstrate the skill and then give the learner ample opportunity for practice. By observing the patient using the inhaler, the nurse may identify what learning needs to be enhanced or reinforced. Asking questions is not as an accurate gauge of learning. Respiratory assessment is a relevant, but indirect, indicator of learning. Delaying the appraisal of the patients technique until a later clinic visit is inappropriate because health problems could occur in the interval.
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An occupational health nurse is in the planning stages of a new health promotion campaign in the workplace. When appraising the potential benefits of the program, the nurse should consider that success depends primarily on what quality in the participants?
- A. Desire to expand knowledge
- B. Self-awareness
- C. Adequate time- and task-management
- D. Taking responsibility for oneself
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking responsibility for oneself is the key to successful health promotion, superseding the importance of desire to learn information, self-awareness, or time-management.
A nurse has been studying research that examines the association between stress levels and negative health outcomes. Which relationship should underlie the educational interventions that the nurse chooses to teach?
- A. Stress impairs sleep patterns.
- B. Stress decreases immune function.
- C. Stress increases weight.
- D. Stress decreases concentration.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Studies have shown the negative effects of stress on health and a cause-and-effect relationship between stress and infectious diseases, traumatic injuries (e.g., motor vehicle crashes), and some chronic illnesses. It is well known that stress decreases the immune response, thereby making individuals more susceptible to infectious diseases. The other options can also be correct in certain individuals, but they are not those that best support stress-reduction initiatives.
Nurses who are providing patient education often use motivators for learning with patients who are struggling with behavioral changes necessary to adhere to a treatment regimen. When working with a 15-year-old boy who has diabetes, which of the following motivators is most likely to be effective?
- A. A learning contract
- B. A star chart
- C. A point system
- D. A food-reward system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using a learning contract or agreement can also be a motivator for learning. Such a contract is based on assessment of patient needs; health care data; and specific, measurable goals. Young adults would not respond well to the use of star charts, point systems, or food as reward for behavioral change. These types of motivators would work better with children.
A community health nurse has been asked to participate in a health fair that is being sponsored by the local senior center. The nurse should select educational focuses in the knowledge that older adults benefit most from what kind of activities?
- A. Those that help them eat well
- B. Those that help them maintain independence
- C. Those that preserve their social interactions
- D. Those that promote financial stability
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Although their chronic illnesses and disabilities cannot be eliminated, the elderly can benefit most from activities that help them maintain independence and achieve an optimal level of health. For many older adults, this is a priority over social interaction, finances, or eating well, even though each of these subjects is important.
Positive patient outcomes are the ultimate goal of nurse-patient interactions, regardless of the particular setting. Which of the following factors has the most direct influence on positive patient-care outcomes?
- A. Patients age
- B. Patients ethnic heritage
- C. Health education
- D. Outcome evaluation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Health education is an influential factor directly related to positive patient-care outcomes. The other options are incorrect because ethnicity, the patients age, and outcome evaluation are less influential factors related to positive patient-care outcomes, though each factor should be considered when planning care.