Nokea
A nurse manager is considering the variances of the budget. Fewer monies were spent than expected. What type of variance is this?
- A. Unfavorable variance
- B. Favorable variance
- C. Dependent variance
- D. Independent variance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Favorable variance. This is because spending less money than expected is positive for the budget, indicating efficiency. A favorable variance means actual costs are lower than budgeted, leading to cost savings. In contrast, an unfavorable variance (option A) would occur if more money was spent than anticipated, indicating overspending. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not directly address the concept of budget variances and are not commonly used terms in budgeting analysis.
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between ethical principles and laws?
- A. The government enforces ethics.
- B. Laws guide decision making by setting standards.
- C. Ethics are highly detailed.
- D. Ethical principles can serve as the foundation for laws.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because ethical principles can indeed serve as the foundation for laws. Laws often reflect societal ethical values and principles. Ethical principles provide a moral framework that lawmakers may use to create laws that promote justice and fairness. By basing laws on ethical principles, societies aim to uphold shared values and promote good conduct. In contrast, A is incorrect as the government enforces laws, not ethics. B is incorrect because laws are legal rules, not ethical principles. C is incorrect as ethics are principles of right and wrong, not necessarily highly detailed.
Which of the following is a key principle of the patient-centered care model?
- A. Healthcare provider satisfaction
- B. Cost reduction
- C. Patient autonomy
- D. Provider convenience
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Patient autonomy. Patient-centered care emphasizes the importance of involving patients in their own healthcare decisions, respecting their preferences, values, and needs. This principle ensures that patients are active participants in their care, leading to improved health outcomes and patient satisfaction.
Incorrect choices:
A: Healthcare provider satisfaction - While important, patient-centered care focuses on the patient's experience and outcomes rather than the provider's satisfaction.
B: Cost reduction - While costs are a consideration in healthcare delivery, patient-centered care prioritizes the patient's well-being over cost savings.
D: Provider convenience - Patient-centered care does not prioritize provider convenience; instead, it prioritizes meeting the individual needs and preferences of the patient.
Attending a continuing education class on advanced technology in health care is interpreted as which of the following by the nurse manager?
- A. Only important for nurse managers
- B. Not important
- C. A waste of time
- D. Essential to nursing care
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Essential to nursing care. Attending a continuing education class on advanced technology in health care is essential for nurses to stay updated with the latest advancements, improve patient care, and enhance their clinical skills. It helps nurses deliver high-quality care, adapt to changes in healthcare practices, and improve patient outcomes. The other choices are incorrect because continuing education benefits all healthcare professionals, not just nurse managers. It is not unimportant or a waste of time, as it directly impacts the quality of nursing care provided.
Which of the following is an example of an environmental factor that could influence decision-making in nursing?
- A. Personal preferences
- B. Ethical considerations
- C. Availability of resources
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the choices (A, B, C) are examples of environmental factors that can influence decision-making in nursing. Personal preferences can affect how a nurse chooses a treatment plan. Ethical considerations impact decisions regarding patient care. The availability of resources, such as staffing or medical supplies, can constrain decision-making. Therefore, considering all these factors collectively (personal preferences, ethical considerations, and availability of resources) is crucial in making informed nursing decisions.
The nurse is taking a health history from a 29-year-old pregnant patient at the first prenatal visit. The patient reports no personal history of diabetes but has a parent who is diabetic. Which action will the nurse plan to take first?
- A. Teach the patient about administering regular insulin.
- B. Schedule the patient for a fasting blood glucose level.
- C. Discuss an oral glucose tolerance test for the twenty-fourth week of pregnancy.
- D. Provide teaching about an increased risk for fetal problems with gestational diabetes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Schedule the patient for a fasting blood glucose level. At the first prenatal visit, it is important to assess the patient's risk factors for developing gestational diabetes, especially with a family history of diabetes. A fasting blood glucose level will provide an initial screening to determine if the patient is at risk for gestational diabetes. This test is non-invasive, cost-effective, and provides valuable information early in the pregnancy. Teaching about administering regular insulin (A) is premature without confirming a diagnosis. An oral glucose tolerance test at the twenty-fourth week (C) is typically done later in pregnancy to diagnose gestational diabetes. Providing teaching about fetal problems with gestational diabetes (D) is important but should come after confirming the diagnosis.