Nokea
A nurse manager is considering the variances of the budget. Fewer monies were spent than expected. What type of variance is this?
- A. Unfavorable variance
- B. Favorable variance
- C. Dependent variance
- D. Independent variance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Favorable variance. This is because spending less money than expected is positive for the budget, indicating efficiency. A favorable variance means actual costs are lower than budgeted, leading to cost savings. In contrast, an unfavorable variance (option A) would occur if more money was spent than anticipated, indicating overspending. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not directly address the concept of budget variances and are not commonly used terms in budgeting analysis.
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Which of the following is an example of an environmental factor that could influence decision-making in nursing?
- A. Personal preferences
- B. Ethical considerations
- C. Availability of resources
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the choices (A, B, C) are examples of environmental factors that can influence decision-making in nursing. Personal preferences can affect how a nurse chooses a treatment plan. Ethical considerations impact decisions regarding patient care. The availability of resources, such as staffing or medical supplies, can constrain decision-making. Therefore, considering all these factors collectively (personal preferences, ethical considerations, and availability of resources) is crucial in making informed nursing decisions.
Which theory emphasizes the long-range plan rather than rewards?
- A. Equity theory.
- B. Development.
- C. Goal setting.
- D. Extinction.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Goal setting theory. This theory emphasizes setting specific, challenging goals to improve performance, focusing on long-range planning rather than immediate rewards. Goals provide direction and motivation, leading to increased effort and persistence. Equity theory (A) focuses on fairness in outcomes and inputs. Development (B) refers to personal growth and learning. Extinction (D) is a behaviorist concept related to the disappearance of a previously learned behavior due to lack of reinforcement.
Which nursing action can the nurse delegate to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) working in the diabetic clinic?
- A. Measure the ankle-brachial index.
- B. Check for changes in skin pigmentation.
- C. Assess for unilateral or bilateral foot drop.
- D. Ask the patient about symptoms of depression.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, "Measure the ankle-brachial index." This task involves using a blood pressure cuff and Doppler ultrasound to assess blood flow in the lower extremities, which is within the scope of practice for UAPs. It is a non-invasive procedure that does not require specialized training.
Choice B, "Check for changes in skin pigmentation," involves assessing for potential skin changes related to circulation issues, which requires more in-depth knowledge and interpretation than what UAPs are trained for.
Choice C, "Assess for unilateral or bilateral foot drop," involves evaluating muscle strength and nerve function, which requires clinical judgment and knowledge beyond the scope of UAP practice.
Choice D, "Ask the patient about symptoms of depression," involves assessing mental health and requires communication skills and training that UAPs do not typically have.
Attending a continuing education class on advanced technology in health care is interpreted as which of the following by the nurse manager?
- A. Only important for nurse managers
- B. Not important
- C. A waste of time
- D. Essential to nursing care
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Essential to nursing care. Attending a continuing education class on advanced technology in health care is essential for nurses to stay updated with the latest advancements, improve patient care, and enhance their clinical skills. It helps nurses deliver high-quality care, adapt to changes in healthcare practices, and improve patient outcomes. The other choices are incorrect because continuing education benefits all healthcare professionals, not just nurse managers. It is not unimportant or a waste of time, as it directly impacts the quality of nursing care provided.
Which of the following is one of the positive benefits of conflict within an organization?
- A. Conflict leads to compromise on values and beliefs.
- B. Conflict leads to intergroup competition.
- C. Conflict helps people recognize differences and motivates people towards improved performance.
- D. Conflict always leads to a win-win resolution.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because conflict can help individuals recognize differences and perspectives, leading to increased understanding and motivation for improved performance. Conflict can stimulate creativity and innovation, encouraging teams to consider different viewpoints and solutions. It does not always result in a win-win resolution (D) as conflicts can have winners and losers. Compromising on values and beliefs (A) is not a positive outcome of conflict, as it may undermine organizational integrity. Intergroup competition (B) may escalate conflicts and hinder collaboration.