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A nurse practitioner working in a dermatology clinic finds an open lesion on a patient who is being assessed. What should the nurse do next?
- A. Obtain a swab for culture.
- B. Assess the characteristics of the lesion.
- C. Obtain a swab for pH testing.
- D. Apply a test dose of broad-spectrum topical antibiotic.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Assessing and documenting the characteristics of an open lesion is the priority to guide further diagnostics or treatment. Culture, pH testing, or antibiotics should follow assessment.
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An 80-year-old patient is brought to the clinic by her son. The son asks the nurse why his mother has gotten so many spots on her skin. What would be an appropriate response by the nurse?
- A. As people age, they normally develop uneven pigmentation in their skin.
- B. These spots are called liver spots or age spots.
- C. Older skin is more apt to break down and tear, causing sores.
- D. These are usually the result of nutritional deficits earlier in life.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Uneven pigmentation, such as age spots, is a common age-related skin change. Naming the spots or discussing skin breakdown does not directly address the cause, and nutritional deficits are not typically responsible.
A wound care nurse is reviewing skin anatomy with a group of medical nurses. Which area of the skin would the nurse identify as providing a cushion between the skin layers, muscles, and bones?
- A. Dermis
- B. Subcutaneous tissue
- C. Epidermis
- D. Stratum corneum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) cushions between skin layers, muscles, and bones. The dermis provides strength, the epidermis is the outer layer, and the stratum corneum is the outermost epidermal layer.
A nurse is explaining the importance of sunlight on the skin to a woman with decreased mobility who rarely leaves her house. The nurse would emphasize that ultraviolet light helps to synthesize what vitamin?
- A. E
- B. D
- C. A
- D. C
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ultraviolet light exposure aids in synthesizing vitamin D, essential for preventing rickets and supporting bone health. Vitamins E, A, and C are not synthesized via sunlight.
A patient presents at the dermatology clinic with suspected herpes simplex. The nurse knows to prepare what diagnostic test for this condition?
- A. Skin biopsy
- B. Patch test
- C. Tzanck smear
- D. Examination with a Woods light
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Tzanck smear examines cells from blistering conditions like herpes simplex. Biopsies diagnose malignancies, patch tests identify allergens, and Woods light assesses pigmentation.
A nurse in the emergency department (ED) is triaging a 5-year-old who has been brought to the ED by her parents for an outbreak of urticaria. What would be the most appropriate question to ask this patient and her family?
- A. Has she eaten any new foods today?
- B. Has she bathed in the past 24 hours?
- C. Did she go to a friends house today?
- D. Was she digging in the dirt today?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Food allergies are a common cause of urticaria in children. Bathing, visiting friends, or soil exposure are less likely to be relevant triggers.