Questions About Chronic Diseases

Questions About Chronic Diseases Related

Review Questions About Chronic Diseases related questions and content

A nurse provides care on a bone marrow transplant unit and is preparing a female patient for a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) the following day. What information should the nurse emphasize to the patient's family and friends?

  • A. Your family should likely gather at the bedside in case there's a negative outcome
  • B. Make sure she doesn't eat any food in the 24 hours before the procedure
  • C. Wear a hospital gown when you go into the patient's room
  • D. Do not visit if you've had a recent infection
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: HSCT wipes out immunity, leaving patients prone to sepsis recent infections in visitors could bring pathogens (e.g., flu, strep) into her sterile bubble. Telling family to skip visits if sick is priority, trumping gown-wearing (useful but secondary) or fasting (not typically 24 hours). Gathering for a bad outcome's overly grim HSCT's risky but not a death sentence pre-procedure. Nurses stress this to shield the patient during the 2-4 week engraftment window, when neutropenia peaks, making infection control the linchpin of pre-transplant education in oncology.

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A 50-year-old male patient has been hospitalized for a wedge resection of the left lower lung lobe after a routine chest x-ray shows carcinoma. The patient is anxious and asks if he can smoke. Which statement by the nurse would be most therapeutic?

  • A. Smoking is the reason you are here
  • B. The doctor left orders for you not to smoke
  • C. You are anxious about the surgery. Do you see smoking as helping?
  • D. Smoking is OK right now, but after your surgery it is contraindicated
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Anxiety's screaming here naming it and asking if smoking helps opens a door to his feelings, not a lecture. Blaming smoking shames him, spiking stress. Citing orders shuts down dialogue. Greenlighting it's reckless nicotine constricts vessels, risking surgical healing, especially post-lung resection. Therapeutic nursing in oncology digs into emotions, guiding patients through fear without judgment, key for pre-op calm.

An intra-venous drug user with endocarditis has a TOE and multiple blood cultures taken. He is most likely to have:

  • A. tricuspid valve involvement and s.aureus on blood culture
  • B. tricuspid valve involvement and enterococci on blood culture
  • C. mitral valve involvement and mixed growth on blood culture
  • D. tricuspid valve involvement and candida on blood culture
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: IVDU endocarditis tricuspid flops, Staph aureus spikes, not enterococci, mixed, candida, or blanks. Nurses hear this chronic junkie beat.

In order to reduce cardiovascular, renal and all-cause mortality, the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) has set the definition of hypertension as a BP of X in 2017. What is X?

  • A. 120/70 mmHg
  • B. 125/75 mmHg
  • C. 130/80 mmHg
  • D. 135/85 mmHg
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hypertension's threshold shifted in 2017 when the AHA and ACC pegged it at 130/80 mmHg, aiming to catch cardiovascular and renal risks earlier, slashing mortality via tighter control. Lower cutoffs like 120/70 or 125/75 flag normal or elevated, not yet disease. Higher ones 135/85 or 140/90 stick to older, laxer standards, missing early intervention's benefit. This pivot reflects evidence tying 130/80 to doubled event risk versus <120, pushing clinicians to act sooner with lifestyle or meds, a proactive stance in chronic disease's long game.

You measure the abdominal circumference and the hip circumference of a male patient with hypertension, overweight and recently-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Question: Which values are most likely to be found in this patient?

  • A. Abdomen: 78 cm, hip: 78 cm
  • B. Abdomen: 78 cm, hip: 86 cm
  • C. Abdomen: 102 cm, hip: 90 cm
  • D. Abdomen: 90 cm, hip: 102 cm
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Type 2, hypertension, overweight belly bulges past hips, 102 cm to 90 cm fits metabolic syndrome's apple shape, not slim or reverse. Nurses measure this, a chronic girth clue.

The nurse receives an order to infuse heparin 1200 units/hr IV. The IV bag contains 25,000 units heparin in 500 mL D5W. Calculate the IV rate in mL/hr.

  • A. 20
  • B. 24
  • C. 28
  • D. 30
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Heparin's drip: 1200 units/hr from 25,000 units in 500 mL 500 ÷ 25,000 = 0.02 mL/unit, times 1200 = 24 mL/hr, a nurse's calc to thin blood right. Off numbers (20, 28, 30) skew dosing. Precision keeps clots at bay, a steady flow in this IV dance.

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