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A nurse working in a hospice setting uses reminiscence to help patients determine whether their life had meaning or if they wish to make amends. What stage of Erickson's development is the nurse applying with this approach?
- A. Industry versus inferiority
- B. Initiative versus guilt
- C. Generativity versus stagnation
- D. Ego integrity versus despair
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reminiscence for the older adult provides a sense of fulfillment and purpose (ego integrity), helping to alleviate the fear of dying. Despair may occur if a person believes their life has been a series of failures. Industry versus inferiority and initiative versus guilt are stages for school-age children and preschoolers, respectively, while generativity versus stagnation applies to middle adulthood.
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Nursing students attending a class on genomics are discussing its use in current nursing practice. Which statements by the students identify genetic principles that will challenge nurses to integrate genomics in their research, education, and practice? Select all that apply.
- A. Genetic tests plus family history tools have the potential to identify people at risk for diseases.
- B. Pharmacogenetic tests can determine if a patient is likely to positive therapeutic response to a drug or develop adverse reactions from the medication.
- C. Evidence-based review panels are in place to evaluate the possible risks and benefits related to genetic testing.
- D. Valid and reliable national data bases exist to establish baseline measures and track progress toward targets.
- E. Genetic variation can either accelerate or slow the metabolism of many drugs.
- F. It is beyond a nurse's scope of practice to discuss the impact of genetic findings and impact on health and illness.
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: Health care providers are challenged to integrate genomics into their research, education, and practice. Genetic tests plus family history tools have the potential to identify people at risk for diseases. Pharmacogenetics studies how genetic variation affects a person's response to drugs, helping to determine if a patient is likely to have a strong therapeutic response or develop adverse effects to a drug. Genetic variation can either accelerate or slow the metabolism of many drugs. Evidence-based review panels and national databases are emerging challenges, but they are not principles of genomics. It is within a nurse's scope to discuss genetic findings and their impact on health.
A 2-year-old grabs a handful of cake from the table and stuffs it in their mouth. According to Freud, what part of the mind is the child satisfying?
- A. Id
- B. Superego
- C. Ego
- D. Unconscious mind
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Freud defined the id as the part of the mind concerned with self-gratification by the easiest and quickest available means.
A nurse caring for newborns understands that babies grow and develop according to individual growth patterns and developmental levels. Which terms describe these patterns? Select all that apply.
- A. Orderly
- B. Simple
- C. Sequential
- D. Unpredictable
- E. Differentiated
- F. Integrated
Correct Answer: A,C,E,F
Rationale: Growth and development are orderly and sequential as well as continuous and complex. Growth and development follow regular and predictable trends and are both differentiated and integrated.
A parent shares with the nurse in the pediatric clinic that their 12-month-old cries when they leave the room or hide a favorite stuffed animal. The nurse explains that object permanence typically occurs in which group?
- A. 0 to 6 months
- B. 12 to 18 months
- C. 24 to 36 months
- D. 36 months to 4 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Object permanence, the understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight, typically develops between 12 to 18 months according to Piaget's sensorimotor stage. A 12-month-old crying when a parent leaves or a toy is hidden indicates they are beginning to develop this concept.
While assessing a patient in the medical clinic, the patient tells the nurse: 'I'm currently a sales associate, but I'm considering a career move, which makes me somewhat anxious.' According to Levinson, what phase of adult life is this patient experiencing?
- A. Entering the adult world
- B. Settling down
- C. Midlife transition
- D. Entering middle-adulthood
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Midlife transition (ages 40 to 45 years) involves a reappraisal of goals and values, which may lead to career changes and associated anxiety. Entering the adult world (ages 22 to 28) involves trying different careers and lifestyles. Settling down (ages 33 to 40) focuses on investing energy in personally important areas. Entering middle adulthood (ages 45 to 50) involves committing to new tasks after forming a new life structure.