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A nurse would like to advocate for increased protective services and reporting mechanisms for elder abuse and attends the "meet the candidate" session at the town hall meeting. This is an important time for the nurse to:
- A. educate the public about the nurse's political platform.
- B. be spontaneous and not deliver a rehearsed speech.
- C. address the person as "candidate" rather than using a first name that implies a working relationship.
- D. learn what the key issues are in the candidate's platform.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the nurse's goal is to advocate for increased protective services for elder abuse. By learning about the key issues in the candidate's platform, the nurse can identify if the candidate supports policies related to elder abuse. This information will help the nurse assess the candidate's alignment with their advocacy goals and determine if the candidate is a suitable ally in advancing elder abuse prevention measures.
A, B, and C are incorrect because:
A: Educating the public about the nurse's political platform is not the primary purpose of attending the session.
B: Being spontaneous may lead to an ineffective communication strategy without proper preparation.
C: Addressing the candidate by their first name or title is a matter of personal preference and does not directly impact the nurse's advocacy efforts.
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According to Kramer, nurses in the shock phase should ask themselves:
- A. "How can I fit in with other staff?"
- B. "Why can't I perform as everyone expects?"
- C. "What changes can I make to make me feel good about the choice to become a nurse?"
- D. "How can I get the rest of the staff to change?"
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because in the shock phase, nurses should focus on self-reflection and personal growth to cope effectively with the challenges. Asking what changes they can make to feel good about their career choice promotes self-awareness and resilience. Choices A and D focus on external factors, which may not address personal development. Choice B reflects a self-critical mindset, which can be detrimental to emotional well-being during the shock phase.
A nurse practices a relaxing massage technique to stimulate and apply pressure to the feet or hands, increasing blood supply circulation to various parts of the body and relieving pain. The massage technique used by the practitioner is referred to as:
- A. reflexology.
- B. Feldenkrais method.
- C. Reiki.
- D. Rolfing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: reflexology. Reflexology is a practice based on the theory that specific areas on the feet and hands correspond to different organs and systems in the body. By stimulating these areas through massage techniques, blood circulation is increased, promoting healing and pain relief.
- Choice B, Feldenkrais method, focuses on improving movement and function through awareness and gentle movements, not specifically targeting reflex points.
- Choice C, Reiki, involves the transfer of energy to promote healing, but does not involve massage techniques or specific reflex points.
- Choice D, Rolfing, is a type of bodywork that focuses on manipulating the body's connective tissues to improve posture and alignment, not specifically targeting reflex points like in reflexology.
A nurse caring for a patient with anemia and heart failure prepares to hang a unit of packed red blood cells and realizes her break is in 5 minutes. She decides it is not necessary to have another nurse check the blood against the patient's information since the patient's blood type is O+ which she incorrectly remembered to be the universal donor. She hangs the blood, noting the patient is "reading and vital signs normal." She leaves the floor for her break and does not report leaving or ask anyone to perform required vital signs. Upon returning she meets a family friend who is visiting and time "just flies." She returns to the patient's room after admitting a new patient. The patient is hypotensive and color is cyanotic and anxious. She reports the findings to the charge nurse, who then contacts the physician. A blood reaction occurrence is noted. The nurse providing care is charged:
- A. with comparative negligence.
- B. with a preventable adverse event.
- C. with criminal negligence.
- D. under the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: with criminal negligence. The nurse displayed a reckless disregard for the patient's safety by not verifying the blood type, leaving for an extended break without ensuring proper monitoring, and failing to report her absence. These actions were highly irresponsible and demonstrated a severe lack of care and attention to the patient's well-being. Criminal negligence involves a conscious disregard for the consequences of one's actions, which in this case resulted in a serious adverse event for the patient. Choices A and B do not fully capture the gravity of the nurse's actions, as they imply a lesser degree of fault. Choice D, under the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur, would be inappropriate in this scenario as the nurse's actions directly contributed to the adverse outcome.
A current trend is for students to be evaluated to determine whether they demonstrate competence in the actual client care environment or with a standardized patient. This process occurs in addition to or instead of traditional pencil-and-paper evaluations. This type of evaluation is referred to as:
- A. core practice competencies.
- B. continuing competence.
- C. distance learning.
- D. performance-based assessment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: performance-based assessment. This type of evaluation focuses on assessing students' ability to perform tasks and demonstrate competence in real-world scenarios, such as client care environments or with standardized patients. It is a more practical and hands-on approach compared to traditional pencil-and-paper evaluations. Core practice competencies (A) refer to essential skills and knowledge required for a specific profession. Continuing competence (B) involves ongoing professional development to maintain skills and knowledge. Distance learning (C) is a method of education that does not require physical presence in a traditional classroom setting. Performance-based assessment best aligns with the description provided in the question, making it the correct choice.
A nurse plans to move to an area that is rich in immigrants from several countries and is concerned about respecting others' cultural beliefs. The nurse's first step to ensure cultural competence and sensitivity is to:
- A. enroll in a nursing theories course to increase knowledge about transcultural practices.
- B. become immersed in nursing literature about culturally diverse clients.
- C. participate in continuing education that focuses on health assessment variations among cultural groups.
- D. conduct a cultural self-assessment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: conduct a cultural self-assessment. This is the first step to ensure cultural competence because it allows the nurse to reflect on their own beliefs, biases, and cultural background, which can impact interactions with culturally diverse clients. By understanding one's own cultural identity, the nurse can better appreciate and respect the beliefs of others.
Choice A is incorrect because enrolling in a nursing theories course may provide knowledge but does not address the nurse's own biases. Choice B is also incorrect as immersion in nursing literature may increase knowledge but does not promote self-awareness. Choice C is incorrect as focusing on health assessment variations does not necessarily address cultural sensitivity in interactions. Conducting a cultural self-assessment is essential for building a foundation of cultural competence and respect.