Nokea
A nurse would use caution when administering itraconazole (Sporanox) to clients with which of the following conditions?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Glaucoma
- C. HIV
- D. Hypochlorhydria
- E. GERD
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: Itraconazole (Sporanox) should be used with caution in clients with HIV infection and hypochlorhydria.
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A patient is receiving chloroquine. The nurse would instruct the client to do which of the following?
- A. Avoid foods that acidify the urine.
- B. Take the drug on an empty stomach.
- C. Increase dosage if dosage missed once.
- D. Discontinue drug if color of urine changes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should educate the patient to avoid foods that acidify the urine (cranberries, plums, prunes, meats, cheeses, eggs, fish, and grains), as they may interact with the antimalarial drug and increase excretion and thereby decrease the effectiveness of chloroquine while taking the drug. Taking the drug on an empty stomach is not advisable for antimalarial drugs. The nurse should instruct the patient to adhere to the dosage regimen unless instructed otherwise. Yellow or brownish discoloration of the urine during chloroquine treatment is normal; there is no need to discontinue the therapy.
A nurse is administering an IV infusion of amphotericin B. The nurse would be alert for which of the following adverse reactions during the first 30 to 60 minutes of the infusion?
- A. Muscle pain
- B. Hypotension
- C. Nausea
- D. Decreased renal function
- E. Chills
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: When the nurse administers amphotericin B by IV infusion, immediate adverse reactions can occur within 15 to 20 minutes of beginning the infusion, including nausea, vomiting, hypotension, tachypnea, fever, and chills; therefore, it is important for the nurse to carefully monitor the client's temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure during the first 30 to 60 minutes of treatment.
The nurse is teaching a client and his family about administering pentamidine at home. Which statement by the client indicates a need for additional teaching?
- A. I should protect the solution from direct light.
- B. The entire treatment should take no more than 15 minutes.
- C. I need to dissolve the drug in the correct amount of sterile water.
- D. Only the pentamidine solution should go into the nebulizer's reservoir.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pentamidine treatment typically lasts about 30 to 45 minutes. The solution should be protected from light after the drug is dissolved with the proper amount of sterile water. No other drugs should be added to the reservoir.
A patient has been diagnosed with amebiasis. Which of the following would the nurse do regularly when caring for this patient?
- A. Take vital signs every 8 hours
- B. Freeze any stool samples for testing
- C. Avoid foods that acidify the urine
- D. Provide the patient with small, frequent meals
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should ensure that the patient has small, frequent meals (five to six daily) because these may be more appealing than three large meals. The nurse should take vital signs every 4 hours, not 8. Stool samples for testing should be maintained at room temperature and not frozen. There is no need to avoid foods that acidify the urine.
During treatment of parasitic infections, the primary health care provider orders daily stool specimens be sent to the lab for examination. Which of the following would the nurse document as part of the client's plan of care?
- A. Number of stools produced
- B. Odor of stool
- C. Consistency of stool
- D. Frequency of stool
- E. Color of stool
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: The nurse should record the number, consistency, color, and frequency of stools as part of the client's plan of care. Documenting the odor is not necessary.