Nokea
A patient admitted in a state of extreme anxiety has vital signs of T 98.6°F (37°C) P 81 BP 130/86 R 32. What will result if this hyperventilation continues?
- A. Metabolic acidosis
- B. Metabolic alkalosis
- C. Respiratory acidosis
- D. Respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation as the lungs blow off large amounts of CO2.
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Electrolytes are not measured by weight; their chemical activity is expressed in milliequivalents. What does 1 mEq of potassium have the same combining power as?
- A. 1 mEq of nitrogen
- B. 1 mEq of oxygen
- C. 1 mEq of hydrogen
- D. 1 mEq of magnesium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Electrolytes are measured in milliequivalents: 1 mEq of any electrolyte is equal to 1 mEq of hydrogen.
The nurse explains to a patient that the drug Lasix reduces edema by drawing water from the interstitial space into the intravascular space. What is this process called?
- A. Diffusion
- B. Filtration
- C. Osmosis
- D. Homeostasis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
The nurse expects an adult with normal __ function to void a minimum of 120 mL of urine in 4 hours.
Correct Answer: kidney
Rationale: The norm is to excrete at least 30 mL/h. In 4 hours, the urine output is expected to be 120 mL.
The nurse must keep an accurate intake and output record to assess kidney efficiency. In order for the kidneys to remove waste what is the least amount of hourly urine output the kidneys must produce to remove waste?
- A. 10 mL
- B. 20 mL
- C. 30 mL
- D. 40 mL
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The kidneys must excrete a minimum of 30 mL/h to eliminate waste products.
The nurse is educating a patient regarding the need to avoid foods high in potassium. What food choices led the nurse to conclude that teaching was not effective?
- A. Apples and green beans
- B. Kiwis and onions
- C. Apricots and asparagus
- D. Grapes and lima beans
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Apricots and asparagus are potassium-rich.