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A patient, age 63, has terminal cancer of the liver and is cared for by his wife at home. His abdominal pain has become increasingly severe, and he now says it is intense most of the time. The nurse recognizes that teaching regarding pain management has been effective based on which measure implemented by this patient?
- A. Limiting the use of opiate analgesics to prevent addiction
- B. Using analgesics only when the pain becomes more than he can tolerate
- C. Taking analgesics around the clock on a regular schedule, using additional doses for breakthrough pain
- D. Resigning himself to the fact that pain is an inevitable consequence of cancer
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fixed dosage schedules with adequate doses for pain relief provide more constant blood levels and predictable pain relief.
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The nurse will question which intervention in the plan of care who has experienced a weight loss during chemotherapy to treat cancer?
- A. provide adequate, easily digestible, soft, bland foods.
- B. give small, frequent, highly nutritional meals.
- C. allow extra time to eat.
- D. offer three large meals of highly nutritious foods.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A patient problem of weight loss will require the nurse to give small, frequent, highly nutritional meals; to allow extra time to eat; and to provide adequate, easily digestible, soft, bland foods.
For which reason is seeking medical attention when any cancer warning signs occur frequently delayed?
- A. Difficulty accessing a health care provider or getting a referral consult.
- B. Lack of knowledge of the warning signs of cancer.
- C. Fear of the possible diagnosis of cancer and hoping signs will go away.
- D. Self-examination being complex and difficult to perform.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Seeking medical attention when any warning signs occur is frequently delayed because people fear the possible diagnosis of cancer and hope the signs and symptoms will just go away.
A patient undergoing radiation therapy says, 'I feel so useless. I have no energy, no appetite, and I fall asleep whenever I sit down.' Which response by the nurse is most therapeutic?
- A. Fatigue is part of your illness. Taking several long naps in the daytime is helpful.'
- B. Fatigue is an unfortunate side effect of radiation. It may help to take frequent rest periods.'
- C. You really shouldn?t be fatigued. Let me make an appointment with your health care provider to get this checked out.'
- D. Don?t worry about it. You probably deserve the rest!'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fatigue is a side effect of radiation, and taking frequent rest periods may be helpful.
The nurse caring for a patient who is being treated for cancer of the cervix by a radioactive implant discovers that the applicator with the radioactive material has become dislodged and is lying in the bed between the patient?s legs. Which action will the nurse take?
- A. Use long-handled forceps grasp the applicator and wrap it in a towel.
- B. Help the patient to a chair and cover the applicator with a rubber sheet.
- C. Reassure the patient by staying at the bedside and call for help.
- D. Do not touch the applicator; notify the radiation safety officer.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The applicator should not be touched. Reassure the patient and go to report the incident to the radiation safety officer.
The nurse explains to a 43-year-old patient with a benign tumor in her right breast that a benign tumor differs from a malignant tumor in that benign tumors have which quality?
- A. do not cause damage to adjacent tissue.
- B. are simply an overgrowth of normal cells.
- C. do not spread to other tissues and organs.
- D. frequently recur in the same site.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A benign tumor differs from a malignant tumor because benign tumors are not recurrent or progressive and are nonmalignant.