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A patient appears confused and disoriented during a consultation. What is the nurse's priority?
- A. Assume the patient is not capable of understanding and proceed with the consultation.
- B. Provide clear and simple explanations and assess for any underlying causes of confusion.
- C. Ignore the patient's confusion and proceed with the consultation.
- D. Dismiss the patient's confusion as insignificant and focus solely on the medical information.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse's priority when a patient appears confused and disoriented during a consultation is to provide clear and simple explanations and assess for any underlying causes of confusion. It is essential to ensure that the patient understands the information being provided and to address any potential reasons for the confusion, such as medication side effects, medical conditions, or cognitive impairment. Ignoring the patient's confusion or assuming they cannot understand can lead to misunderstandings, errors in care, and ultimately jeopardize the patient's well-being. It is crucial to approach the situation with empathy, patience, and a focus on ensuring effective communication and understanding between the nurse and the patient.
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The MOST common reported abuse experienced by nurses in their workplace is
- A. Physical abuse
- B. Financial abuse
- C. Verbal abuse
- D. Sexual abuse
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Verbal abuse is the most common form of abuse experienced by nurses in their workplace. This may include insults, yelling, threats, or intimidation directed towards the nurse. Verbal abuse can have a significant impact on the nurse's mental and emotional well-being, leading to stress, anxiety, and burnout. It is important for healthcare institutions to address and prevent verbal abuse to create a safe and respectful work environment for nurses and other healthcare professionals.
While taking nursing history on Annie, what will be the response of the patient that indicates her present condition?
- A. She frequently experiences vertigo nausea and nystagmus when sitting.
- B. She has ear pain and discharge from the left ear when travelling.
- C. She has had impaired hearing since birth.
- D. Her hearing loss has become worse with each succeeding pregnancy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The response indicating Annie's present condition would be option A. This is because the symptoms mentioned in option A, such as experiencing vertigo, nausea, and nystagmus when sitting, point towards a vestibular disorder. These are symptoms commonly associated with conditions like Meniere's disease or vestibular neuritis, which can cause balance issues and feelings of dizziness. These symptoms are more indicative of Annie's current health status compared to the other options which focus on past or unrelated issues, such as ear pain during travel or impaired hearing since birth. The information provided in option A gives a more direct insight into Annie's present condition, making it the most appropriate response.
A patient with a history of coronary artery disease is prescribed aspirin for antiplatelet therapy. Which information is important for the nurse to include in patient education about aspirin therapy?
- A. "Take aspirin with a full glass of milk to minimize gastrointestinal upset."
- B. "Avoid using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) while taking aspirin."
- C. "Discontinue aspirin therapy if you develop a fever."
- D. "Take aspirin on an empty stomach for better absorption."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct information for the nurse to include in patient education about aspirin therapy is to advise the patient to avoid using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) while taking aspirin. NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding when taken along with aspirin, which is already a blood-thinning medication due to its antiplatelet effects. Patients with coronary artery disease are typically prescribed aspirin for its antiplatelet properties to prevent blood clot formation in the arteries. Avoiding NSAIDs will help reduce the risk of gastrointestinal complications and ensure the effectiveness of aspirin therapy in preventing cardiovascular events. Taking aspirin with a full glass of milk (Option A) is not a necessary instruction for aspirin therapy. Discontinuing aspirin therapy if a patient develops a fever (Option C) is not a standard practice unless advised by a healthcare provider. Taking aspir
Which of the following structures is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from undigested food residue, forming feces?
- A. Liver
- B. Stomach
- C. Pancreas
- D. Large intestine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The large intestine, also known as the colon, is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from undigested food residue that passes through the digestive system after it has been processed in the small intestine. As the waste material moves through the colon, water is absorbed, and the remaining material forms feces. The feces are then stored until they are eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus. The liver, stomach, and pancreas play important roles in digestion and nutrient absorption, but the specific function of absorbing water and forming feces is carried out by the large intestine.
A patient presents with excessive thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. Laboratory tests reveal hypernatremia, hyperglycemia, and metabolic acidosis. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Hyperthyroidism
- B. Hypothyroidism
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Diabetes insipidus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient's presentation of excessive thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue align with the classic symptoms of diabetes mellitus. The laboratory findings of hypernatremia (high sodium levels), hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels), and metabolic acidosis further support this diagnosis. In diabetes mellitus, the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels due to either insufficient insulin production (Type 1 diabetes) or ineffective use of insulin by the cells (Type 2 diabetes). This leads to high blood sugar levels, causing symptoms such as polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and fatigue. The metabolic acidosis is a result of the body's breakdown of fats and proteins for energy due to the lack of glucose utilization in the cells.