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A patient asks for advice regarding whether to have children in the future after hearing she is a carrier for an autosomal-recessive disorder. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Encourage the patient to avoid having children as the risk of having a child with a disorder is 50%.
- B. Explain that if the patient proceeds with a pregnancy, her risk of having a child with a disorder is 25% because she is only a carrier.
- C. Encourage the patient to pursue pregnancy, informing her that she can always terminate a pregnancy if the fetus is found to be affected.
- D. Ask the patient to describe her feelings about potentially having an affected infant.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it demonstrates empathy, promotes open communication, and supports patient autonomy. By asking the patient to describe her feelings, the nurse can understand her emotional state, values, and beliefs, which are crucial in decision-making. This approach encourages shared decision-making and allows the nurse to provide individualized support.
Choice A is incorrect because it is overly deterministic and does not consider individual circumstances. Choice B is incorrect as it simplifies the genetic risk calculation and overlooks the emotional aspect of decision-making. Choice C is incorrect as it may not respect the patient's autonomy and fails to address the emotional and ethical complexities involved in such a decision.
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A nurse is providing care to a pregnant woman in labor. The woman is in the first stage of labor. When describing this stage to the client, which event would the nurse identify as the major change occurring during this stage?
- A. regular contractions
- B. cervical dilation
- C. fetal movement through the birth canal
- D. placental separation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary change during the first stage of labor is cervical dilation. Contractions occur during both the first and second stages, fetal movement through the birth canal is a major change in the second stage, and placental separation occurs in the third stage.
A couple undergoing IVF asks about the role of progesterone injections post-transfer. What is the nurse's best explanation?
- A. Progesterone supports the uterine lining to help maintain a pregnancy.
- B. Progesterone improves egg quality during IVF cycles.
- C. Progesterone prevents the formation of ovarian cysts.
- D. Progesterone reduces the chances of multiple pregnancies.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Progesterone supports the uterine lining to help maintain a pregnancy post-transfer. Progesterone is crucial in preparing the uterine lining for embryo implantation and supporting early pregnancy. It helps thicken the endometrium, creating a hospitable environment for the embryo to implant and grow. Choice B is incorrect as progesterone does not directly improve egg quality. Choice C is incorrect as progesterone does not prevent ovarian cyst formation. Choice D is incorrect as progesterone does not reduce the chances of multiple pregnancies; in fact, it may slightly increase the risk of multiples in IVF.
A nurse is providing care to a woman in labor. After assessment of the fetus, the nurse documents the fetal lie. Which term would the nurse use?
- A. flexion
- B. extension
- C. longitudinal
- D. cephalic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because fetal lie refers to the relationship of the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the mother. The primary lies are longitudinal, oblique, and transverse. Flexion and extension are terms used to describe fetal attitude, while cephalic is used to describe fetal presentation.
What is the significance of basal body temperature (BBT) tracking in fertility?
- A. BBT predicts the exact time of ovulation.
- B. A rise in BBT confirms that ovulation has occurred.
- C. BBT tracking eliminates the need for ovulation predictor kits.
- D. BBT remains constant throughout the menstrual cycle.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
1. BBT rise confirms ovulation due to increased progesterone post-ovulation.
2. Progesterone causes a slight increase in BBT, signaling the release of an egg.
3. The shift in BBT helps predict the fertile window for conception.
4. BBT tracking does not predict the exact time of ovulation (A), nor eliminate the need for ovulation predictor kits (C), and BBT does not remain constant throughout the cycle (D).
A patient undergoing infertility treatment asks about the importance of stress management. What should the nurse explain?
- A. Stress has no impact on fertility treatment outcomes.
- B. Stress can negatively affect hormone levels and ovulation.
- C. Managing stress is only important after conception occurs.
- D. Stress is a common cause of infertility in both partners.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because stress can indeed negatively affect hormone levels and ovulation, thereby impacting fertility treatment outcomes. High levels of stress can disrupt the delicate balance of hormones involved in the reproductive process, leading to irregular ovulation and potentially hindering conception. It is essential for patients undergoing infertility treatment to manage stress effectively to optimize their chances of success.
Choice A is incorrect because research suggests that stress can impact fertility treatment outcomes. Choice C is incorrect as stress management is important throughout the fertility treatment process, not just after conception. Choice D is incorrect because while stress can contribute to infertility, it is not always the primary cause and can affect fertility differently in each partner.