Nokea
A patient has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which of the following is not a clinical sign of diabetes mellitus?
- A. Polyphagia
- B. Polyuria
- C. Metabolic acidosis
- D. Lower extremity edema
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A-C are associated with diabetes mellitus.
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A nurse is supervising a student in preparing the physical environment for an interview with a client. Which action by the student is correct?
- A. Setting the room temperature at a comfortable level
- B. Placing a chair for the client across from the nurse's desk
- C. Providing seating for the client so that the client faces a strong light
- D. Setting up seating so that the client and nurse are not at eye level
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When preparing the physical environment for an interview with a client, it is crucial to ensure the client's comfort. Setting the room temperature at a comfortable level is essential for the client's well-being. Additionally, providing privacy, sufficient lighting, and removing distractions are crucial factors. It is recommended to maintain a distance of around 4 to 5 feet between the client and the nurse. Seating should be arranged so that the client and nurse are at eye level to facilitate effective communication and prevent barriers. Placing a chair across from the nurse's desk may create a physical barrier, positioning the client to face a strong light can be uncomfortable and distracting, and setting up seating so that the client and nurse are not at eye level may impede effective communication.
When working with multicultural populations, the nurse should consider all of the following when planning care for a client with an altered sexuality pattern except:
- A. some Hispanic and Native-American cultures are very open when discussing sexuality.
- B. some cultures view the postpartum period as a state of impurity.
- C. some women in the African-American culture view childbearing as a validation of their femaleness.
- D. some Native-American women believe monthly menstruation maintains physical well-being and harmony.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When working with multicultural populations, it is essential to understand cultural variations in beliefs and practices related to sexuality. While it is true that some cultures view the postpartum period as a state of impurity and that some women in the African-American culture view childbearing as a validation of their femaleness, the statement 'some Hispanic and Native-American cultures are very open when discussing sexuality' is incorrect. In reality, many cultures, including Hispanic and Native-American cultures, are sometimes hesitant to discuss sexuality. For example, some Navajos, Hispanics, and Orthodox Jews may consider the postpartum period as impure, leading to seclusion of women until the end of bleeding, marked by a ritual bath. Additionally, many Native-American women believe in the importance of monthly menstruation for physical well-being and harmony. Therefore, the statement about Hispanic and Native-American cultures being very open about discussing sexuality is not accurate in the context of working with multicultural populations.
The intravenous route is potentially the most dangerous route of drug administration because:
- A. the IV might infiltrate.
- B. it is expensive and nursing intensive.
- C. rapid administration of a drug can lead to toxicity.
- D. the client always has more side effects.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The bioavailability of the injected medication is 100% and might lead to toxicity. An IV infiltration can cause serious problems with tissue necrosis, but this is not life threatening. Expensive and time consuming do not equate with dangerous. Not all clients experience more side effects with IV administration.
A contraindication for topical corticosteroid use in a client with atopic dermatitis (eczema) is:
- A. parasite infection
- B. viral infection
- C. fungal infection
- D. spirochete infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Topical corticosteroids increase the risk of disseminated viral infections (e.g., herpes) in eczema due to localized immunosuppression, making viral infections a contraindication.
When a client describes their family as having multiple wives, all of whom are sisters, married to one man, the nurse documents the family structure as?
- A. polyandry
- B. soronal
- C. nonsororal
- D. sororate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The practice of polygamy refers to having multiple wives or husbands. When there are multiple wives who are sisters, the polygamy is designated as soronal. When the wives are not sisters it is nonsororal. Polyandry refers to multiple husbands and is rare. Some cultures practice a polygamy designated as sororate. Sororate polygamy specifies that a husband must marry his wife's sister if she dies. These marriages are successive rather than concurrent.