Quizlet Genitourinary System

Quizlet Genitourinary System Related

Review Quizlet Genitourinary System related questions and content

A patient has been experiencing vaginal bleeding and cramping, which the nurse suspects could be an early sign of a miscarriage. Which of the following should the nurse assess for during this examination?

  • A. Hyperthyroidism.
  • B. High blood pressure.
  • C. Weight loss and fatigue.
  • D. Changes in breast size or tenderness.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Weight loss and fatigue. In the context of vaginal bleeding and cramping, weight loss and fatigue are concerning signs that may indicate a potential miscarriage. Weight loss could be due to decreased appetite or nutritional deficiencies associated with the stress of a miscarriage. Fatigue may result from hormonal changes and emotional distress. Assessing for weight loss and fatigue helps the nurse monitor the patient's overall well-being and provide appropriate support.
Choice A (Hyperthyroidism) is incorrect as it is not directly related to the symptoms of vaginal bleeding and cramping suggestive of a possible miscarriage.
Choice B (High blood pressure) is also incorrect as it is not typically associated with early signs of a miscarriage.
Choice D (Changes in breast size or tenderness) is incorrect as these symptoms are more commonly related to pregnancy rather than miscarriage.

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A patient with adrenal tumor has symptoms of hypertension, edema, hypernatremia and hypokalemia. Which drug would be most likely to prescribe to antagonize the renal and systemic side effects of the hormone excess?

  • A. Spironolactone
  • B. Bumetanide
  • C. Furosemide
  • D. Acetazolamide
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Spironolactone. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works by antagonizing aldosterone, which is responsible for the symptoms of hypertension, edema, hypernatremia, and hypokalemia seen in adrenal tumor. By blocking aldosterone receptors, spironolactone helps to reduce sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, thus counteracting the hormonal effects.

Bumetanide (choice B) and Furosemide (choice C) are loop diuretics that primarily work by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle and are unlikely to be as effective in this scenario. Acetazolamide (choice D) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that works in the proximal tubule and is not indicated for the specific hormonal effects seen in this case.

Tubular reabsorption

  • A. eliminates wastes from the body
  • B. occurs mostly in the distal convoluted tubule
  • C. usually helps control blood pH by removing H+ from the filtrate
  • D. returns 99% of the water filtered from the glomerulus to the blood
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because tubular reabsorption refers to the process of reabsorbing substances, including water, from the renal tubules back into the bloodstream. This process occurs mainly in the proximal convoluted tubule and loop of Henle, not the distal convoluted tubule as stated in choice B. Choice A is incorrect because tubular reabsorption does not specifically eliminate wastes; that is the role of tubular secretion. Choice C is incorrect because tubular reabsorption does not directly control blood pH by removing H+ ions from the filtrate; that is primarily done through the kidneys' buffering systems. Overall, choice D is the most accurate as it reflects the primary function of tubular reabsorption in returning water back to the blood.

Which of the following new drug is indicated in managing SIADH , non - * peptide and competitive antagonist of ADH 's water sparing effects in the collecting ducts of nephron?

  • A. Mannitol
  • B. Bumetanide
  • C. Spironolactone
  • D. Conivaptan
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Conivaptan. Conivaptan is a non-peptide competitive antagonist of ADH, specifically targeting the V2 receptors in the collecting ducts of the nephron. This mechanism of action inhibits ADH's water-sparing effects, making it an effective treatment for SIADH.

A: Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used for conditions like cerebral edema and acute kidney injury, not specifically for SIADH.

B: Bumetanide is a loop diuretic used for conditions like heart failure and hypertension, not for managing SIADH.

C: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic used for conditions like heart failure and hypertension, not for treating SIADH.

In summary, Conivaptan is the correct choice for managing SIADH due to its specific mechanism of action as a competitive antagonist of ADH in the collecting ducts, while the other options are

A 32-year-old woman presents with vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain. The nurse suspects an ectopic pregnancy. Which of the following is the most common risk factor for ectopic pregnancy?

  • A. Previous pelvic surgery.
  • B. Endometriosis.
  • C. Tubal ligation.
  • D. Pelvic inflammatory disease.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID can lead to scarring and narrowing of the fallopian tubes, increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancy. This is because the fertilized egg may get stuck in the narrowed tube, leading to an ectopic pregnancy.

A: Previous pelvic surgery is a risk factor, but it is not the most common one for ectopic pregnancy.
B: Endometriosis can also affect fallopian tubes but is not the most common risk factor for ectopic pregnancy.
C: Tubal ligation is a form of contraception that reduces the risk of pregnancy but does not increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy.

In summary, PID is the most common risk factor for ectopic pregnancy due to its potential to cause fallopian tube scarring and narrowing, leading to the implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterus.

Which of the following drug that acts by inhibiting HIV protease enzyme?

  • A. Lamivudine
  • B. Efavirenz
  • C. Stavudine
  • D. Ritonavir
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Ritonavir is a protease inhibitor used in HIV treatment.
2. It works by inhibiting the HIV protease enzyme, preventing viral replication.
3. Lamivudine, Efavirenz, and Stavudine are not protease inhibitors but work through different mechanisms.
4. Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and Stavudine is another nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
Summary:
Ritonavir is the correct answer as it directly targets the HIV protease enzyme, unlike the other options which act on reverse transcriptase enzymes.

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