Nokea
A patient with a history of incontinence will undergo
- A. Because voiding in the presence of others can cause situational anxiety, the nurse should perform what action?
- B. Administer diuretics as ordere
- D. Push fluids for several hours prior to the test.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the nurse should respect the patient's privacy and dignity to prevent situational anxiety related to incontinence. Administering diuretics (B) without indication may worsen incontinence. Choice C is incomplete, and choice D may exacerbate incontinence.
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Which of the following new drug is indicated in managing SIADH , non - * peptide and competitive antagonist of ADH 's water sparing effects in the collecting ducts of nephron?
- A. Mannitol
- B. Bumetanide
- C. Spironolactone
- D. Conivaptan
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Conivaptan. Conivaptan is a non-peptide competitive antagonist of ADH, specifically targeting the V2 receptors in the collecting ducts of the nephron. This mechanism of action inhibits ADH's water-sparing effects, making it an effective treatment for SIADH.
A: Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used for conditions like cerebral edema and acute kidney injury, not specifically for SIADH.
B: Bumetanide is a loop diuretic used for conditions like heart failure and hypertension, not for managing SIADH.
C: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic used for conditions like heart failure and hypertension, not for treating SIADH.
In summary, Conivaptan is the correct choice for managing SIADH due to its specific mechanism of action as a competitive antagonist of ADH in the collecting ducts, while the other options are
Which hormone, produced by the kidneys,
- A. the glomerular capsule plays a role in the production of red blood
- B. the loop of Henle cells?
- C. pyramids of the kidney
- D. adrenaline
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because erythropoietin, a hormone produced by the kidneys in the glomerular capsule, stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. Choice B (the loop of Henle cells) is incorrect as they are involved in urine concentration, not hormone production. Choice C (pyramids of the kidney) is incorrect as they are structures in the kidney, not involved in hormone production. Choice D (adrenaline) is incorrect as it is produced by the adrenal glands, not the kidneys.
Which of the following anthelmintic acts as a cholinergic agonist in the * nematodes and causes spastic paralysis of the worms?:
- A. Piperazine
- B. Pyrantel pamoate
- C. Mebendazole
- D. Albendazole
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Piperazine is the correct answer as it acts as a cholinergic agonist in nematodes, causing spastic paralysis by mimicking acetylcholine.
2. Pyrantel pamoate works by depolarizing neuromuscular junctions, not through cholinergic agonism.
3. Mebendazole and Albendazole inhibit microtubule synthesis in worms, leading to impaired glucose uptake, not cholinergic effects.
The nurse is inspecting the scrotum and testes of a 43-year-old man. Which finding would require additional follow-up and evaluation?
- A. Skin on the scrotum is taut.
- B. Left testicle hangs lower than the right testicl
- D. Scrotal skin has yellowish 1-cm nodules that are firm and nontender.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the presence of yellowish 1-cm nodules that are firm and nontender on the scrotal skin could indicate a serious issue such as testicular cancer or a benign condition like sebaceous cysts. Further evaluation is necessary to rule out malignancy or infection.
A: Skin on the scrotum being taut is a normal finding.
B: Left testicle hanging lower than the right is a common anatomical variation, not a cause for concern.
C: The absence of information makes it impossible to determine if this finding requires follow-up.
Which of the following hormones is secreted by corpus albicans?
- A. Estrogen
- B. Progesterone
- C. Luteinizing hormone
- D. No hormones are secreted by the corpus albicans
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the corpus albicans is the end stage of the corpus luteum, which degenerates if fertilization does not occur. As a result, it no longer secretes hormones. Estrogen and progesterone are secreted by the corpus luteum, not the corpus albicans. Luteinizing hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland, not by the corpus albicans.