Nokea
A patient has cloudy penile discharge. For which additional symptoms of urethritis should the nurse assess?
- A. Throat or rectal infection
- B. Chancres or vesicles on the genitals
- C. Painful and frequent urination
- D. Oliguria and flank pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cloudy penile discharge is a common symptom of urethritis, which is inflammation of the urethra usually caused by an infection, such as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) like gonorrhea or chlamydia. Painful and frequent urination are also classic symptoms of urethritis. Painful urination, or dysuria, may occur due to the irritation and inflammation of the urethra. Frequency of urination can be a result of the body's response to the infection or inflammation. Therefore, assessing for these additional symptoms helps in confirming the diagnosis of urethritis and determining the appropriate treatment for the patient.
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An infant has been diagnosed with cow's milk allergy. What are the clinical manifestations the nurse expects to assess? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Pink mucous membranes
- B. Vomiting
- C. Rhinitis
- D. Abdominal pain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pink mucous membranes are not a typical clinical manifestation of cow's milk allergy. Allergies often present with symptoms affecting the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, skin, or a combination of these systems.
An adolescent asks the nurse what causes primary dysmenorrhea. The nurse's response should be based on which statement?
- A. It is an inherited problem.
- B. Excessive estrogen production causes uterine pain.
- C. There is no physiologic cause; it is a psychological reaction.
- D. There is a relation between prostaglandins and uterine contractility.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Primary dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation that occurs without any underlying gynecological conditions, such as endometriosis. The cause of primary dysmenorrhea is related to the release of prostaglandins during menstruation. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that act as chemical messengers in the body, causing the uterus to contract and shed its lining during menstruation. High levels of prostaglandins can lead to increased uterine muscle contractions, resulting in pain. Therefore, the nurse should explain to the adolescent that there is a relation between prostaglandins and uterine contractility as the cause of primary dysmenorrhea.
The nurse understands that which of the ff. best describes the action of propanolol (Inderal)?
- A. It increases heart rate
- B. It decreases fluid volume
- C. It decreases cardiac output
- D. It increases cardiac contractility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Propranolol (Inderal) is a non-selective beta-blocker that works by blocking beta receptors in the heart and blood vessels. By blocking these receptors, propranolol decreases the effects of adrenaline, leading to a decrease in heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output. This results in a reduction in the workload of the heart, making it an effective medication for conditions such as hypertension, angina, and certain types of arrhythmias. Overall, the action of propranolol leads to a decrease in cardiac output, contrary to the options that suggest an increase in heart rate, fluid volume, or cardiac contractility.
A nurse prepares to administer the medication in which muscle site?
- A. Deltoid
- B. Triceps
- C. Vastus lateralis
- D. Biceps
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse prepares to administer the medication in the vastus lateralis muscle site. This site is located on the thigh and is commonly used for intramuscular injections in infants, toddlers, and smaller children. It is preferred for its large and easily accessible muscle mass, making it suitable for injections. This muscle site is also less painful and has fewer major blood vessels and nerves, reducing the risk of complications during injection.
The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving antibiotics to treat a gram-negative bacterial infection. Because antibiotics destroy the body's normal flora, the nurse must monitor the client for:
- A. Platelet dysfunction
- B. Stomatitis
- C. Oliguria and dysuria
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When a client is receiving antibiotics to treat an infection, especially a gram-negative bacterial infection, the antibiotics may disrupt the balance of normal flora in the gastrointestinal tract. This disruption can lead to an overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria, resulting in diarrhea. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is a common complication of antibiotic therapy due to the disruption of normal gut flora. Therefore, the nurse must monitor the client for signs and symptoms of diarrhea and intervene promptly to prevent complications such as dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Platelet dysfunction, stomatitis, and oliguria/dysuria are not typically associated with the destruction of normal flora due to antibiotic therapy for a gram-negative bacterial infection.