Nokea
The nurse is explaining the action of insulin to a newly diagnosed diabetic client. During the teaching, the nurse reviews the process of insulin secretion in the body. The nurse is correct when stating that insulin is secreted from the:
- A. adenohypohysis.
- B. alpha cells of the pancreas.
- C. beta cells of the pancreas.
- D. parafollicular cells of the thyroid.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin is secreted from the beta cells of the pancreas. These specialized cells are located in the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas. When blood glucose levels rise after eating, beta cells release insulin into the bloodstream to help regulate glucose levels by allowing cells to take in glucose for energy or storage. Insulin also helps lower blood sugar by promoting the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and muscles. Therefore, the nurse is correct in stating that insulin is secreted from the beta cells of the pancreas.
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A client with a nagging cough makes an appointment to see the physician after reading that this symptom is one of the seven warning signs of cancer. What is another warning sign of cancer?
- A. Persistent nausea
- B. Indigestion
- C. Rash
- D. Chronic ache or pain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic ache or pain is another warning sign of cancer. Persistent pain that does not go away and continues for weeks or months could be a symptom of cancer. It is important not to ignore persistent pain and to consult a healthcare provider if such pain exists, as it could be a sign of an underlying issue like cancer. Early detection and treatment are key in managing cancer and improving outcomes for patients.
The nurse recognizes that the major early problem for Mr. Gabatan will be:
- A. Bladder control
- B. Quadriceps setting
- C. Client education
- D. Use of aids for ambulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The major early problem for Mr. Gabatan will likely be quadriceps setting. Quadriceps setting exercises are important for preventing muscle weakness and atrophy, especially after surgery or prolonged immobility. Strengthening the quadriceps muscles is essential for maintaining proper knee function, stability, and overall mobility. It is a crucial aspect of early rehabilitation and recovery for patients, particularly after orthopedic procedures such as joint replacements or fractures. Maintaining and improving quadriceps strength will also play a significant role in promoting Mr. Gabatan's independence and mobility during his recovery process.
When teaching a preoperative older patient, which of the following is a technique to improve learning?
- A. Sit in front of window in bright sunlight.
- B. Speak in high tone.
- C. Use small, white-on-black printed
- D. Eliminate background noise. materials.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Eliminating background noise is a beneficial technique when teaching an older patient preoperatively. Older individuals may have age-related hearing impairments, making it difficult for them to focus and understand information in the presence of background noise. By minimizing distractions and background noise, the older patient can better concentrate on the information being taught and improve their learning experience.
A patient who has just had a TURP asks his nurse to explain why he has to have the bladder irrigation because it seems to increase his pain. Which of the following explanations by the nurse is best?
- A. "The bladder irrigation is needed to stop the bleeding in the bladder."
- B. "Antibiotics are being administered into the bladder to prevent infection."
- C. "The irrigation is needed to keep the catheter from becoming occluded by blood clots."
- D. "Normal production of urine is maintained with the irrigations until healing can occur."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The best explanation for the patient is option C, which states, "The irrigation is needed to keep the catheter from becoming occluded by blood clots." After a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), it is common for the patient to have some bleeding in the bladder. Bladder irrigation is done to prevent blood clots from forming and blocking the catheter. Keeping the catheter patent is important to ensure proper drainage of urine and prevent complications such as urinary retention. While the other options are related to potential reasons for bladder irrigation, option C directly addresses the immediate concern of preventing catheter occlusion by blood clots post-TURP surgery.
Which of the ff is a sign or symptom characteristic of the later stages of TB?
- A. Fatigue
- B. Anorexia
- C. Hemoptysis
- D. Weight loss
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hemoptysis, which refers to coughing up blood, is a sign characteristic of the later stages of tuberculosis (TB). This symptom occurs when there is significant damage to the lungs due to the progression of the disease. Hemoptysis in TB can indicate advanced disease and the presence of cavities in the lungs where blood vessels may become eroded. It is a serious symptom that often requires immediate medical attention. While fatigue, anorexia, and weight loss are common symptoms of TB, hemoptysis specifically points towards the later stages of the disease and severe lung involvement.