Nokea
What is the best age for solid food to be introduced into the infant's diet?
- A. 2 to 3 months
- B. 4 to 6 months
- C. When birth weight has tripled
- D. When tooth eruption has started
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends introducing solid foods into an infant's diet between 4 to 6 months of age. At this stage, most infants have developed the necessary motor skills to start eating solid foods, such as being able to sit up and hold their head steady. Additionally, their digestive system has matured enough to handle solid foods. Introducing solid foods too early, such as at 2 to 3 months (Option A), can increase the risk of digestive issues and allergies. Waiting for tooth eruption (Option D) is not a reliable indicator as some infants may begin teething earlier or later than others. Waiting for the birth weight to triple (Option C) is not necessary as infants can start on solid foods once they reach the appropriate developmental stage around 4 to 6 months.
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The nurse is careful to place the incubator away from cold windows or air-conditioning units. This is to conserve the newborn's body heat by preventing heat loss through:
- A. radiation.
- B. conduction.
- C. convection.
- D. evaporation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Placing the incubator away from cold windows or air-conditioning units helps prevent heat loss through radiation. Radiation is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation, from a warmer object to a cooler one without direct contact. In this case, the newborn's body heat could be lost to the colder objects (windows or air-conditioning units) through radiation if they were in close proximity. By placing the incubator away from these cold surfaces, the nurse can minimize the heat loss through radiation and help conserve the newborn's body heat.
How many drops per minute should be delivered?
- A. 6
- B. 17
- C. 50
- D. 100
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The standard drip factor for an IV infusion set is typically 15 drops per milliliter. To calculate drops per minute, you would multiply the flow rate in milliliters per hour by the drip factor and divide by 60 minutes per hour.
The health-care provider diagnosed a child with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. The parents expressed their concern to you that their child's leg will be amputated. How should you respond?
- A. It is too soon to determine if amputation is necessary.
- B. No amputation is necessary because the child will make a full recovery once the disease runs its course.
- C. The health-care provider is the best person to talk to you about amputation.
- D. Not all children who have the disease require amputation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, also known as Perthes disease, is a condition where there is a temporary loss of blood supply to the hip, leading to the breakdown of the hip joint. While in severe cases amputation may be considered as a treatment option, it is important to reassure the parents that not all children with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease require amputation. The course of treatment will depend on the severity of the condition and the individual child's response to different therapies. Therefore, it is crucial to emphasize that amputation is not the automatic outcome for all cases of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Encouraging the parents to discuss their concerns with the healthcare provider can provide more specific information and guidance tailored to their child's condition.
Which of the ff is a sign or symptom characteristic of the later stages of TB?
- A. Fatigue
- B. Anorexia
- C. Hemoptysis
- D. Weight loss
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hemoptysis, which refers to coughing up blood, is a sign characteristic of the later stages of tuberculosis (TB). This symptom occurs when there is significant damage to the lungs due to the progression of the disease. Hemoptysis in TB can indicate advanced disease and the presence of cavities in the lungs where blood vessels may become eroded. It is a serious symptom that often requires immediate medical attention. While fatigue, anorexia, and weight loss are common symptoms of TB, hemoptysis specifically points towards the later stages of the disease and severe lung involvement.
Kimberly, age 3 years, is being admitted for about 1 week of hospitalization. Her parents tell the nurse that they are going to buy her "a lot of new toys, because she will be in the hospital." The nurse's reply should be based on an understanding of which concept?
- A. New toys make hospitalization easier.
- B. New toys are usually better than older ones for children of this age.
- C. At this age, children often need the comfort and reassurance of familiar toys from home.
- D. Buying new toys for a hospitalized child is a maladaptive way to cope with parental guilt.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response is based on the understanding that at the age of 3, children often find comfort and reassurance in familiar toys from home. This familiarity can help them cope with the stress and unfamiliar environment of being hospitalized. Introducing new toys may not provide the same level of comfort and may even add to the child's sense of disorientation during their stay in the hospital. It is essential to prioritize the child's emotional well-being and provide them with familiar items that can offer a sense of security during their hospitalization.