Nokea
Which is characteristic of newborns whose mothers smoked during pregnancy?
- A. Large for gestational age
- B. Preterm, but size appropriate for gestational age
- C. Growth retardation in weight only
- D. Growth retardation in weight, length, and head circumference
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Newborns whose mothers smoked during pregnancy often display growth retardation in weight, length, and head circumference. Maternal smoking is associated with intrauterine growth restriction, leading to reduced size parameters at birth. This can result in newborns being smaller in weight, length, and head circumference compared to newborns of mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy can have negative effects on the developing fetus, contributing to various health risks and growth abnormalities in newborns.
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A nurse is collecting subjective and objective information about target populations to diagnose problems based on community needs. This describes which step in the community nursing process?
- A. Planning
- B. Diagnosis
- C. Assessment
- D. Establishing objectives
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the community nursing process, the step of collecting subjective and objective information about target populations to diagnose problems based on community needs is known as "Assessment." This step involves gathering data through observation, interviews, surveys, and other methods to understand the health status, priorities, assets, and resources of the community. This information is essential for identifying the health needs and issues within the community, which then informs the planning and implementation of appropriate interventions. Assessment helps nurses develop a comprehensive understanding of the community's strengths, challenges, and opportunities, enabling them to make informed decisions and tailor interventions to meet the specific needs of the target population.
Parents report that they have been giving a multivitamin to their 1-year-old infant. The nurse counsels the parents that which vitamin can cause a toxic reaction at a low dose?
- A. Niacin
- B. B
- C. D
- D. C
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that can be toxic in high doses, leading to hypercalcemia. Infants are particularly vulnerable to vitamin D toxicity because they have a lower ability to excrete excess vitamin D. Symptoms of vitamin D toxicity include nausea, vomiting, weakness, and kidney problems. Therefore, it is important for parents to avoid giving high doses of vitamin D to infants and always follow healthcare provider recommendations for supplementation.
The nurse should plan to teach the client with pancytopenia caused by a chemotherapy to;
- A. Begin a program of aggressive, strict mouth care
- B. Avoid traumatic injuries and exposure to any infection
- C. increase oral fluid intake to a minimum of 3000 ml daily
- D. Report any unusual muscle cramps or tingling sensations in the extremities
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to teach a client with pancytopenia caused by chemotherapy is to avoid traumatic injuries and exposure to any infection. Pancytopenia is a condition characterized by low levels of all blood cell types - red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This leaves the individual vulnerable to infections, easy bruising, and bleeding. By advising the client to avoid traumatic injuries and exposure to infection, the nurse is helping to reduce the risk of further complications that can arise from low blood cell counts. This includes advising the client on taking precautions such as gentle handling to prevent skin injury, using a soft toothbrush for oral care, and avoiding contact with individuals who are sick to minimize the risk of infection.
A client is admitted to the hospital with a bleeding ulcer and is to receive 4 units of packed cells. Which nursing intervention is of primary importance in the administration of blood?
- A. Checking the flow rate
- B. Monitoring the vital signs
- C. Identifying the client
- D. Maintaining blood temperature
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary nursing intervention in the administration of blood is to correctly identify the client. This is crucial to ensure that the right blood is being administered to the right patient to prevent transfusion reactions and ensure patient safety. Before any blood transfusion, the nurse must verify the patient's identity using at least two unique identifiers, such as name, date of birth, and hospital or medical record number. Patient safety hinges on this critical step, making it the priority when administering blood products. While monitoring vital signs, checking the flow rate, and maintaining blood temperature are all important aspects of blood transfusion management, identifying the client is fundamental and must come first to prevent errors.
The nurse is caring for a client in the emergency room diagnosed with Bell's palsy. The client has been taking acetaminophen (Tylenol), and acetaminophen overdose is suspected. The nurse anticipates that the antidote to be prescribed is:
- A. Pentostatin (Nipent)
- B. Fludarabine (Fludara)
- C. Auranofin (Ridaura)
- D. Acetylcysteine Mucomyst)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is the antidote for acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose. If an overdose of acetaminincophen is suspected, acetylcysteine should be administered within 8-10 hours of ingestion to prevent liver damage and failure. Pentostatin, Fludarabine, and Auranofin are not antidotes for acetaminophen overdose and are used for other medical conditions.