Nokea
A patient in the sexually transmitted infection clinic has a positive Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test, but no chancre is visible on assessment. The nurse will plan to send specimens for
- A. Gram stain.
- B. cytologic studies.
- C. rapid plasma reagin (RPR) agglutination.
- D. fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FT-Abs)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FT-Abs). This test is more specific and sensitive than VDRL or RPR. FT-Abs can detect antibodies to Treponema pallidum, providing confirmation of syphilis infection when VDRL is positive without visible chancres. Gram stain (A) is used for bacterial identification but not specific for syphilis. Cytologic studies (B) are not typically used for syphilis diagnosis. RPR (C) is another non-specific test like VDRL.
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Which of the following statements about peptide or protein hormones is usually true?
- A. They have longer half-lives than steroid hormones
- B. They have receptors on the cell membrane
- C. They have a slower onset of action than both steroid and thyroid hormones
- D. They are not stored in endocrine-producing glands
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Peptide or protein hormones have receptors on the cell membrane. These hormones are typically large molecules that cannot pass through the cell membrane, so they bind to receptors on the cell surface to initiate signal transduction pathways. This allows them to quickly and effectively communicate with target cells.
A: They do not have longer half-lives than steroid hormones. Peptide hormones are usually rapidly degraded compared to steroid hormones.
C: They do not have a slower onset of action than steroid and thyroid hormones. Peptide hormones can have rapid onset of action due to their signaling pathways.
D: They can be stored in endocrine-producing glands, such as insulin being stored in pancreatic beta cells.
The nurse monitors a client who has gone through an endoscopic examination. Following a culdoscopy, what does a nurse need to observe for in this client?
- A. The nurse observes the client for any discomfort in the shoulders.
- B. The nurse observes the client for the signs of internal bleeding and the symptoms of shock.
- C. The nurse observes the client for changes in skin color and for any rise in body temperature.
- D. The nurse observes the quantity and frequency of urinary output.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Discomfort in the shoulders is a common side effect after culdoscopy due to gas insufflation.
The convoluted seminiferous tubules:
- A. are located in the lobules of the male gonad;
- B. continue with the deferent duct;
- C. there are three tubules for each testicular lobule;
- D. continue with the straight tubules;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the convoluted seminiferous tubules are indeed located in the lobules of the male gonad, which is the testis. These tubules are where spermatogenesis occurs, the process of sperm production. Option B is incorrect as the convoluted tubules do not continue with the deferent duct, but they connect to the straight tubules. Option C is incorrect because there are numerous convoluted seminiferous tubules within each testicular lobule, not just three. Option D is incorrect as the convoluted tubules do not continue with the straight tubules directly; they lead to the rete testis before connecting to the straight tubules.
About the external male genital organ, we can state the following:
- A. it is part of the urinary ducts, being a urination organ;
- B. it is represented by the urethra;
- C. it is a pair organ;
- D. it is located above the scrotum, anterior to the pubian symphisis;
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer B is correct:
1. The external male genital organ is represented by the urethra, which is the duct that carries urine from the bladder out of the body.
2. The urethra is responsible for both urination and ejaculation.
3. The other choices are incorrect because the external male genital organ is not part of the urinary ducts, not a pair organ, and not located above the scrotum.
While giving a history, a patient reports having a weak urinary stream and feeling that his bladder is not empty after urination. Based on these data, what finding does the nurse anticipate upon examination?
- A. An enlarged prostate gland palpated on the anterior wall of the rectum
- B. An indirect hernia palpated through the inguinal ring when the patient coughs
- C. The foreskin of the penis cannot be returned to position after retraction behind the glans
- D. A nodular prostate gland palpated on the posterior wall of the rectum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: An enlarged prostate gland palpated on the anterior wall of the rectum. In this case, the patient's weak urinary stream and feeling of incomplete bladder emptying are classic symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). During a rectal examination, an enlarged prostate gland can be felt as a smooth, rubbery, and symmetrically enlarged mass on the anterior wall of the rectum. This finding correlates with the patient's urinary symptoms, indicating obstruction of the urethra by the enlarged prostate.
Choice B is incorrect because an indirect hernia is not typically associated with urinary symptoms. Choice C is incorrect as it describes paraphimosis, a condition where the foreskin cannot be returned to its original position. Choice D is incorrect as a nodular prostate gland palpated on the posterior wall of the rectum is more characteristic of prostate cancer rather than BPH, which is typically felt on the anterior wall.