ATI Nutrition Practice Questions

ATI Nutrition Practice Questions Related

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A patient is admitted to the emergency room and is found to have proteinuria, a low serum albumin level, edema, and elevated blood lipids. Which condition do these symptoms typically associate with?

  • A. Nephrotic syndrome
  • B. Acute kidney injury
  • C. Rejection of a kidney transplant
  • D. Renal colic
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria (excess protein in urine), hypoalbuminemia (low serum albumin), edema (swelling due to fluid buildup), and hyperlipidemia (elevated blood lipids). These symptoms occur as a result of damage to the kidneys' filtering units. Acute kidney injury, rejection of a kidney transplant, and renal colic do not present with the same combination of symptoms as nephrotic syndrome. Acute kidney injury typically presents with a sudden decrease in kidney function, resulting in a build-up of waste products in the blood. Rejection of a kidney transplant may present with fever, pain at the transplant site, and changes in urine output. Renal colic usually presents with intense pain in the lower back or side, related to kidney stones.

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Which of the following provides greater flexibility, better balance, more endurance, and overall better health and greater longevity for older adults?

  • A. Eating balanced meals
  • B. Not smoking or drinking alcohol
  • C. Daily physical activity
  • D. Increased intake of calcium and iron
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Daily physical activity. Daily physical activity contributes to better flexibility, balance, endurance, and overall health, helping older adults maintain independence and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Choices A, B, and D, although important for overall health, do not specifically address the benefits of greater flexibility, better balance, more endurance, and greater longevity associated with daily physical activity.

Which food is most likely to be included in a low-fiber diet?

  • A. Broccoli
  • B. Ripe Bananas
  • C. Onions
  • D. Whole-Grain Bread
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A low-fiber diet is generally recommended for individuals who need to restrict their intake of dietary fiber for health reasons. Ripe bananas are low in fiber and easy to digest, making them an ideal choice for a low-fiber diet. On the other hand, broccoli, onions, and whole-grain bread are high in fiber. Therefore, they are less suitable for a low-fiber diet as they could cause digestive discomfort or exacerbate certain health conditions. Ripe bananas, being low in fiber, are the most appropriate choice for a low-fiber diet.

What chronic disease has been associated with increased risks of dental problems?

  • A. diabetes mellitus
  • B. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • C. Addison's disease
  • D. asthma
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of dental problems, including gum disease and tooth loss, due to high blood sugar levels. While chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Addison's disease, and asthma may have oral health implications, diabetes mellitus is specifically known for its strong association with dental issues.

Which ethnic group has the lowest rates of type 2 diabetes?

  • A. Caucasians
  • B. Asian Indians
  • C. Pacific Islanders
  • D. African Americans
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Statistical data suggest that Caucasians generally have lower rates of type 2 diabetes compared to the other ethnic groups listed in the choices. This is not to say that Caucasians are immune to the disease, but rather that they have fewer reported instances. On the other hand, African Americans and Pacific Islanders are often identified as groups with a significantly higher risk and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Asian Indians also exhibit higher rates compared to Caucasians. It is important to note that these are general trends observed in statistical data, and individual health outcomes can vary based on various factors such as lifestyle, diet, and genetics, among others. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Caucasians because they generally have the lowest rates of type 2 diabetes when compared to the other ethnic groups mentioned.

Select all that apply. To lower LDL levels, you should:

  • A. consume minimal amounts of hydrogenated and saturated fats
  • B. consume more insoluble fibers than soluble fibers
  • C. consume alcohol in moderate levels
  • D. engage in regular physical activity
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: To lower LDL levels, reducing intake of hydrogenated (trans) and saturated fats is crucial, as these types of fats can raise LDL cholesterol in the blood. Choice B is incorrect because both soluble and insoluble fibers can help lower LDL levels. Choice C is incorrect as excessive alcohol consumption can lead to increased LDL levels. Choice D, engaging in regular physical activity, can help raise HDL (good) cholesterol levels but is not directly related to lowering LDL levels.

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