Nokea
A patient is diagnosed with a health problem that alters the way impulses are conducted in the neurological system. When reviewing this information with the patient, which part of a neuron should the nurse teach carries impulses toward the cell body?
- A. Axon
- B. Dendrite
- C. Schwann cell
- D. Myelin sheath
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dendrites are extensions of the neuron that carry impulses toward the cell body. Axons transmit impulses away from the cell body, while Schwann cells and the myelin sheath are involved in insulating and speeding up nerve impulse transmission. Understanding the role of dendrites is crucial for explaining how neurons communicate.
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Which of the following is not a typical clinical manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS)?
- A. Double vision
- B. Sudden bursts of energy
- C. Weakness in the extremities
- D. Muscle tremors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sudden bursts of energy are not associated with MS. Fatigue, weakness, and muscle tremors are common symptoms.
Which of these cranial nerves contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?
- A. optic, CN II
- B. facial, CN VII
- C. trigeminal, CN V
- D. hypoglossal, CN XII
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: facial nerve, CN VII. The facial nerve contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that innervate the lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual glands. These fibers originate from the superior salivatory nucleus in the pons. Option A (optic nerve) is involved in vision and not related to parasympathetic function. Option C (trigeminal nerve) is primarily involved in sensory innervation of the face and motor function of the muscles of mastication. Option D (hypoglossal nerve) is responsible for motor control of the tongue and is not associated with parasympathetic fibers.
Following a knee arthroplasty, a patient has a continuous passive motion machine for the affected joint. The nurse explains to the patient that this device is used for what purpose?
- A. To relieve edema and pain at the incision site
- B. To promote early joint mobility and increase knee flexion
- C. To prevent venous stasis and the formation of a deep venous thrombosis
- D. To improve arterial circulation to the affected extremity to promote healing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Continuous passive motion enhances joint mobility.
While Susan's medication is being adjusted, which of the following aspects of nursing assessment would be most important to document?
- A. Muscular strength following medication administration
- B. Elimination patterns
- C. Emotional response to her diagnosis
- D. State of consciousness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Muscle strength is directly affected by myasthenia gravis and its treatment.
For a patient with a one-sided spinal injury, the nurse must be careful about the temperature of the bath water because the patient's temperature sensation is lost
- A. contralaterally below the injury
- B. ipsilaterally below the injury
- C. bilaterally below the injury
- D. contralaterally above the injury
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Temperature sensation is lost contralaterally below the injury level.