NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions

NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions Related

Review NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions related questions and content

A patient is diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and asks what causes it. The nurse would respond that the destruction of the thyroid in this condition is due to which of the following?

  • A. Antigen-antibody complexes
  • B. Viral infection
  • C. Autoantibodies
  • D. Bacterial infection
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. In this condition, the immune system produces autoantibodies that target proteins in the thyroid tissue, causing inflammation and destruction of the thyroid gland over time. This process leads to hypothyroidism, as the damaged thyroid is no longer able to produce sufficient thyroid hormones. Autoantibodies are a hallmark of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and are responsible for the destruction of the thyroid gland in this condition.

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The age at which the infant can achieve early head control with bobbing motion when pulled to sit is

  • A. 2 months
  • B. 3 months
  • C. 4 months
  • D. 6 months
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Head control typically begins developing around 2 months.

A 13-year-old boy is hospitalized for a femur fracture after being hit by a car while racing bikes. The parents are concerned about his judgment. The nurse should tell the parents that this behavior is:

  • A. Typical of young teens.
  • B. Related to hormonal surges during adolescence.
  • C. An isolated incident that will not likely happen again.
  • D. Related to underdeveloped judgment and impulse control in adolescence.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The adolescent brain is still developing, which can lead to poor judgment and impulsive behavior.

A preterm newborn of 36 weeks of gestation is admitted to the NICU. Approximately 2 hours after birth, the newborn begins having difficulty breathing, with grunting, tachypnea, and nasal flaring. Which is important for the nurse to recognize?

  • A. This is a normal finding.
  • B. This is not significant unless cyanosis is present.
  • C. Improvement should occur within 24 hours.
  • D. Further evaluation is needed.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The presentation of a preterm newborn with difficulty breathing, grunting, tachypnea, and nasal flaring is concerning and should not be considered a normal finding. This could indicate respiratory distress, which is common in preterm infants due to immature lung development. It is important for the nurse to recognize these symptoms as they may signify a potential underlying respiratory issue that requires further evaluation and intervention. Prompt assessment and management are crucial in ensuring the best outcomes for the newborn. Therefore, further evaluation by the healthcare team is warranted in this situation to determine the cause of the respiratory distress and provide appropriate treatment.

Tumor lysis syndrome is a common complication during treatment of pediatric malignancies. Which malignancy is more likely to manifest such complication?

  • A. acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
  • B. nephroblastoma
  • C. neuroblastoma
  • D. Burkitt lymphoma
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Burkitt lymphoma is highly proliferative and sensitive to chemotherapy, leading to rapid cell death and tumor lysis syndrome.

Which is an accurate description of a Kasai procedure?

  • A. A palliative procedure in which the bile duct is attached to a loop of bowel to assist with bile drainage.
  • B. A curative procedure that connects the bile duct to the bowel.
  • C. A curative procedure where the bile duct is banded.
  • D. A palliative procedure where the bile duct is banded.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Kasai procedure is a palliative surgery for biliary atresia that helps restore bile flow and delays the need for liver transplantation.

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