NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions

NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions Related

Review NCLEX RN Pediatric Questions related questions and content

It is considered as the bluntly rounded portion of the heart

  • A. Base
  • B. Pericardium
  • C. Aorta
  • D. Apex
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The apex is the bluntly rounded portion of the heart located at the bottom. It is formed by the tip of the left ventricle and points slightly downward and to the left. The apex is essential in detecting the point of maximum intensity of the heartbeat, known as the apical impulse or point of maximal impulse (PMI). This is where the heart beats closest to the chest wall and can be felt or heard during a physical examination. The base of the heart, on the other hand, is the broader superior part of the heart where the major blood vessels enter and exit. The pericardium is the tough sac enclosing the heart, and the aorta is the main artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body.

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Tumor lysis syndrome is a common complication during treatment of pediatric malignancies. Which malignancy is more likely to manifest such complication?

  • A. acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
  • B. nephroblastoma
  • C. neuroblastoma
  • D. Burkitt lymphoma
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Burkitt lymphoma is highly proliferative and sensitive to chemotherapy, leading to rapid cell death and tumor lysis syndrome.

A 2-year-old is noted to be drinking from a container filled with kerosene. He immediately coughs, becomes tachypneic, and is brought to the hospital. The best approach to his treatment is to

  • A. induce emesis
  • B. perform nasogastric tube lavage
  • C. instill mineral oil
  • D. administer steroids
Correct Answer: E

Rationale: Inducing emesis or performing gastric lavage can increase the risk of aspiration. The best approach is supportive care, including oxygen and monitoring.

In a newborn's eyes, strabismus is a normal finding because of:

  • A. congenital cataracts.
  • B. lack of binocularity.
  • C. absence of red reflex.
  • D. inability of pupil to react to light.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Strabismus, or misalignment of the eyes, is a common condition in newborns due to the lack of binocularity. Binocularity refers to the ability of both eyes to focus simultaneously on a single point, which is not fully developed in newborns. As a result, it is normal for a newborn's eyes to appear misaligned at times. This lack of coordination between the eyes typically resolves as the infant's visual system matures and they develop the ability to focus both eyes together. Therefore, the presence of strabismus in a newborn is usually considered a normal finding related to the immature visual development rather than a sign of pathology such as congenital cataracts, absence of red reflex, or pupil reactivity issues.

Nurse Jeremy is evaluating a client's fluid intake and output record. Fluid intake and urine output should relate in which way?

  • A. Fluid intake should be double the urine output.
  • B. Fluid intake should be approximately equal to the urine output.
  • C. Fluid intake should be half the urine output.
  • D. Fluid intake should be inversely proportional to the urine output.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The principle of fluid balance in the body dictates that fluid intake should be approximately equal to the urine output, under normal circumstances. This balance ensures that the body maintains proper hydration levels and that the kidneys are functioning effectively in filtering and excreting waste products. Significant deviations between fluid intake and urine output can indicate potential issues with hydration status or kidney function, making it essential for healthcare professionals like Nurse Jeremy to closely monitor and evaluate these values.

Of the following, the genetic syndrome MOST likely associated with increased risk of optic glioma is

  • A. Down syndrome
  • B. neurofibromatosis
  • C. monosomy
  • D. Bloom's syndrome
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Neurofibromatosis type 1 is strongly associated with an increased risk of developing optic gliomas.

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