Nokea
The nurse is caring for a patient with a bowel resection. Which of the following would indicate that the patient's gastrointestinal tract is resuming normal function?
- A. Firm abdomen
- B. Presence of flatus
- C. Excessive thirst
- D. Absent bowel sounds
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The presence of flatus (gas) is a positive sign that the patient's gastrointestinal tract is resuming normal function after a bowel resection surgery. Flatus production indicates that peristalsis and normal bowel motility are returning, allowing gas to move through the intestine. This is an important milestone in the postoperative recovery process, as it suggests the return of normal bowel function. The other options provided are not indicative of the return of normal gastrointestinal function.
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You are discussing with medical students the role of chemotherapy in malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs); you state that GCTs are sensitive to some types of chemotherapy. Of the following, the MOST effective chemotherapeutic agent in GCTs is
- A. vincristine
- B. cyclophosphamide
- C. cisplatin
- D. methotrexate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cisplatin is a cornerstone in the treatment of germ cell tumors.
Many neuromuscular disorders can impair respiratory function. What intervention can a home care nurse recommend to help prevent complications in patients with impaired respiratory function?
- A. Antibiotics as needed
- B. Bedrest
- C. Elevate the head of bed
- D. Suction q4h
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed is an important intervention to help prevent complications in patients with impaired respiratory function. By elevating the head of the bed, gravity assists in improving lung expansion and ventilation, making breathing easier for the patient. This position promotes better airflow and can help reduce the risk of respiratory complications such as aspiration. It is a non-invasive and simple intervention that can be easily implemented in a home care setting to support the patient's respiratory function and overall well-being. Antibiotics, bedrest, and scheduled suctioning are not directly related to improving respiratory function in this context.
Which of the following types of translocation of childhood AML that typically associated with granulocytic sarcoma mass?
- A. inv(16)
- B. t(8;21)
- C. t(6;9)
- D. inv(3)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The inv(16) translocation is strongly associated with granulocytic sarcoma in AML.
In the operating room, personnel should be responsible for ensuring cleanliness, proper temperature, humidity, and lighting. Who carries those responsibilities?
- A. circulating nurse
- B. scrub nurse
- C. surgeon
- D. anesthesiologist
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The circulating nurse is responsible for ensuring the cleanliness, proper temperature, humidity, and lighting in the operating room. The circulating nurse plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall environment and ensuring that it meets the necessary standards for the safety and well-being of the patient and the surgical team. They are in charge of coordinating and overseeing all aspects of the operating room environment, including maintaining a sterile field, assisting with instrument setup, and ensuring that all equipment is functioning properly. Additionally, the circulating nurse manages communication within the operating room and ensures that all necessary supplies are available during the surgical procedure. It is within the circulating nurse's scope of practice to take charge of these responsibilities to create an optimal operating room environment.
A client with cancer is being evaluated for possible metastasis. Which of the following is one of the most common metastasis site for cancer cells?
- A. Liver
- B. Reproductive tract
- C. Colon
- D. White blood cells (WBCs)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The liver is one of the most common sites for metastasis of cancer cells. This is because the liver receives a high volume of blood flow, making it a common site for cancer cells to spread through the bloodstream. Additionally, the liver's function in filtering toxins and foreign substances from the blood makes it a favorable environment for cancer cells to establish secondary tumors. Monitoring the liver for metastasis is crucial in cancer diagnosis and management.