Nokea
A patient is diagnosed with selective IgA deficiency, a primary immunodeficiency disorder. Which of the following complications is most commonly associated with this condition?
- A. Recurrent bacterial infections
- B. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
- C. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
- D. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Selective IgA deficiency is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by low or absent levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the blood. Since IgA plays a crucial role in mucosal immunity and defense against pathogens at mucosal surfaces, individuals with this deficiency are more susceptible to recurrent bacterial infections, particularly of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In contrast, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a more severe immunodeficiency disorder affecting T and B lymphocytes, chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a disorder of phagocytes, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia is an autoimmune disease involving red blood cells, none of which are directly associated with selective IgA deficiency.
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Which of the following are essential components of informed consent? I. explanation of the procedure and alternatives to the procedure II. discussion of potential risks and benefits of the procedure III. confirmation that the patient understands the risks, benefits, and any alterations
- A. I, III
- B. II, III
- C. I, II
- D. I, II, III
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All of the components -explanation of the procedure and alternatives to the procedure (I), discussion of potential risks and benefits of the procedure (II), and confirmation that the patient understands the risks, benefits, and any alterations (III) -are essential parts of informed consent. Providing information about the procedure and its alternatives, disclosing potential risks and benefits, and ensuring that the patient comprehends this information are crucial to obtaining valid informed consent prior to any medical procedure.
The attending physician ordered a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to patient Sarah in order to validate the medical impression. This imaging technique is done to detect _________.
- A. hemorrhagic injury in the brain
- B. electrical impulse in the brain
- C. level of oxygen in the brain
- D. non-hemorrhagic injury in the brain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a specialized medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues within the body. In the context of the scenario provided, an MRI is ordered by the attending physician to validate the medical impression.
Upon seeing warning signs of child abuse, the BEST nursing action that Nurse Alma should make is to report the noted observation to __________.
- A. Dept of Social Welfare Development (DSWD)
- B. Headnurse
- C. Philippine National Police (PNP)
- D. Attending Pediatrician
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reporting observed signs of child abuse to the Department of Social Welfare Development (DSWD) is the best nursing action in cases of suspected child abuse. DSWD is the government agency tasked with protecting the welfare of children and families. They have the necessary authority and resources to investigate and intervene in cases of child abuse. Reporting to DSWD ensures that professional social workers and experts will step in to assess the situation, provide necessary interventions, and ensure the safety of the child. It is important to involve the appropriate authorities who are trained to handle cases of child abuse effectively. Reporting to the DSWD helps in safeguarding the well-being of the child and taking the necessary steps to address the situation appropriately.
A cognitive assessment of Belle indicated that according to Piaget's theory she was functioning at the concrete operational stage. Which of these behaviors would the nurse observe in Belle?
- A. Thinks logically and sees possibilities.
- B. Understands only her own viewpoint.
- C. Feels her own reasoning should agree with the reasoning of others.
- D. Makes and tests hypothesis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: At the concrete operational stage according to Piaget's theory, children typically demonstrate logical thinking abilities and are able to understand and work with concrete objects and events. They can also grasp concepts such as conservation and classification. These children are able to think logically about concrete events but may still struggle with abstract and hypothetical situations. Therefore, Belle, functioning at the concrete operational stage, would exhibit behaviors such as thinking logically and being able to see possibilities, as described in option A.
Patient Haydee comes to the perinatal unit of Hospital DEE. Nurse Arcee does through SCREENING assessment. Which is the Least screening assessment to be used by the nurse/
- A. Physical examination
- B. Radiologic procedures
- C. Interview
- D. Laboratory review
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Radiologic procedures are typically not used as the least screening assessment by nurses in a perinatal unit. The nurse's initial screening assessments usually focus on gathering information through techniques such as physical examination, interviews, and reviewing laboratory results. Radiologic procedures, such as X-rays or CT scans, are usually ordered by physicians once a more specific diagnostic need has been identified, based on the initial screening assessments performed by the nurse. Therefore, in this scenario, the least screening assessment to be used by the nurse would be radiologic procedures.