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What bio-ethical principle is violated by a nurse if he provides his patient fraudulent information about his diagnosis and prognosis?
- A. Justice
- B. Beneficence
- C. Autonomy
- D. Veracity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The bio-ethical principle of veracity pertains to honesty and truthfulness in healthcare communication. By providing fraudulent information about the patient's diagnosis and prognosis, the nurse would be violating the principle of veracity. It is crucial for healthcare providers to be honest and provide accurate information to patients in order to ensure informed decision-making and uphold the trust between healthcare professionals and their patients. Misleading a patient about their diagnosis and prognosis can have serious consequences on the patient's understanding of their condition, treatment decisions, and overall well-being. Therefore, maintaining honesty and truthfulness is essential in promoting ethical healthcare practices.
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Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of multiple fluid-filled sacs within the ovaries and is associated with menstrual irregularities and hyperandrogenism?
- A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- B. Ovarian torsion
- C. Ovarian cyst rupture
- D. Ovarian cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by the presence of multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within the ovaries, which can be visualized on ultrasound. Women with PCOS often experience menstrual irregularities such as irregular periods or no periods, as well as symptoms of hyperandrogenism like hirsutism (excessive hair growth) and acne. Other common features of PCOS include insulin resistance and obesity. It is important to note that not all women with PCOS will have ovarian cysts, but the presence of multiple cysts is a common finding in this condition.
A patient receiving palliative care for end-stage dementia experiences agitation and restlessness. What intervention should the palliative nurse prioritize to address the patient's symptoms?
- A. Administer antipsychotic medications to manage agitation.
- B. Encourage the patient to engage in physical exercise to reduce restlessness.
- C. Create a calm and soothing environment to promote relaxation.
- D. Refer the patient to a psychiatrist for evaluation and medication management.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate intervention for a patient with end-stage dementia experiencing agitation and restlessness is to create a calm and soothing environment to promote relaxation. Patients with dementia often respond positively to a familiar and tranquil setting, which can help reduce their symptoms of agitation and restlessness. This approach is preferred over administering antipsychotic medications or recommending physical exercise, as these may not be feasible or beneficial for patients in the advanced stages of dementia. Referring the patient to a psychiatrist may not address the immediate need for symptom management and can be considered if other interventions are ineffective. Creating a calm environment, such as dim lighting, soft music, and familiar objects, can help provide comfort and reduce distress for the patient.
Lillian asks the nurse the cause of this ailment. Which of the following would the nurse explain as predisposing factors of mastitis? (Select all that apply) I. Milk stasis II. Nipple trauma III. Using alcohol in cleaning nipples IV. Baby 's sitting position
- A. II and IV
- B. I and II
- C. I and IV
- D. II and III
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mastitis is typically caused by bacterial infection, with predisposing factors including milk stasis (I) and nipple trauma (II). Milk stasis occurs when milk is not effectively removed from the breast, leading to a build-up that can block ducts and predispose to infection. Nipple trauma, such as cracks or damage, can provide entry points for bacteria to infect the breast tissue. Factors like using alcohol in cleaning nipples (III) and the baby's sitting position (IV) are not directly associated with the development of mastitis.
A patient with a history of coronary artery disease is prescribed aspirin for antiplatelet therapy. Which information is important for the nurse to include in patient education about aspirin therapy?
- A. "Take aspirin with a full glass of milk to minimize gastrointestinal upset."
- B. "Avoid using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) while taking aspirin."
- C. "Discontinue aspirin therapy if you develop a fever."
- D. "Take aspirin on an empty stomach for better absorption."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct information for the nurse to include in patient education about aspirin therapy is to advise the patient to avoid using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) while taking aspirin. NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding when taken along with aspirin, which is already a blood-thinning medication due to its antiplatelet effects. Patients with coronary artery disease are typically prescribed aspirin for its antiplatelet properties to prevent blood clot formation in the arteries. Avoiding NSAIDs will help reduce the risk of gastrointestinal complications and ensure the effectiveness of aspirin therapy in preventing cardiovascular events. Taking aspirin with a full glass of milk (Option A) is not a necessary instruction for aspirin therapy. Discontinuing aspirin therapy if a patient develops a fever (Option C) is not a standard practice unless advised by a healthcare provider. Taking aspir
To start a nursing improvement project, what is the FIRST step that a nurse must keep in mind?
- A. Implement plan to correct the problem
- B. Determine the nursing standards
- C. Determine findings if warrant correction
- D. Collect data determine if standards are met
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first step that a nurse must keep in mind to start a nursing improvement project is to determine the nursing standards. This is crucial because nursing standards provide guidelines and benchmarks for quality care delivery. By identifying and understanding the established standards, nurses can assess current practices, identify areas that need improvement, and develop strategies to enhance patient care. Setting a clear foundation based on nursing standards is essential before moving forward with implementing corrective actions, determining findings for correction, or collecting data. Understanding and aligning with nursing standards from the outset ensures that the improvement project is focused on promoting best practices and achieving positive outcomes for patients.