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A patient is prescribed a statin medication for lipid-lowering therapy. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely in the patient?
- A. Muscle pain or weakness
- B. Dry cough
- C. Hypertension
- D. Hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Muscle pain or weakness. Statins can cause muscle-related side effects, including rhabdomyolysis, a severe condition that can lead to muscle pain and weakness. Monitoring for these symptoms is crucial to prevent serious complications.
B: Dry cough is not a common side effect of statins.
C: Hypertension is not directly associated with statin use.
D: Hyperkalemia is not a typical adverse effect of statins.
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To achieve organized work flow in the unit the staff must be aware of the head nurse's role. What is the PRIMARY purpose of supervision and delegation?
- A. Enhances the delivery of quality nursing care
- B. Influences organization's approach in personnel evaluation
- C. Improves staff attendance in seminars
- D. Assigns any staff to do the tasks or project.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Enhances the delivery of quality nursing care. Supervision and delegation are essential in ensuring efficient and effective healthcare delivery. By supervising and delegating tasks appropriately, the head nurse can ensure that staff members are performing their duties competently, which ultimately leads to improved quality of patient care. Supervision helps in monitoring staff performance, providing feedback, and offering guidance when needed. Delegation ensures that tasks are allocated to the right staff members based on their skills and abilities, optimizing the workflow. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the primary purpose of supervision and delegation, which is to enhance the quality of nursing care through effective oversight and task allocation.
A nurse is preparing to assist with a lumbar epidural steroid injection (LESI) procedure for a patient with chronic back pain. What action should the nurse prioritize to ensure procedural accuracy?
- A. Confirming the patient's identity and procedure site using two identifiers
- B. Positioning the patient in a prone position with a pillow under the abdomen
- C. Providing conscious sedation to the patient to minimize discomfort
- D. Administering local anesthesia to the skin before needle insertion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Confirming the patient's identity ensures the right patient is receiving the intended procedure.
2. Verifying the procedure site using two identifiers prevents errors in site selection.
3. This step aligns with the World Health Organization's Surgical Safety Checklist, reducing the risk of wrong-site procedures.
4. Positioning, sedation, and local anesthesia are important but secondary to ensuring the correct patient and site.
Summary:
- Option B: Positioning is essential but not the top priority for procedural accuracy.
- Option C: Sedation aims to minimize discomfort but does not guarantee procedural accuracy.
- Option D: Administering local anesthesia is crucial but not as critical as confirming patient identity and procedure site.
A patient presents with severe headache, photophobia, and neck stiffness. On examination, there is nuchal rigidity and positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Migraine headache
- B. Cluster headache
- C. Meningitis
- D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Meningitis. The patient's symptoms of severe headache, photophobia, neck stiffness, nuchal rigidity, and positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs are classic signs of meningitis. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord, leading to these specific neurological symptoms. Migraine headache (A) typically presents with a throbbing headache, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound, but does not typically cause neck stiffness or positive meningeal signs. Cluster headache (B) is characterized by severe unilateral headache with autonomic symptoms like tearing or nasal congestion, but does not typically cause neck stiffness or positive meningeal signs. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (D) presents with sudden severe headache often described as "the worst headache of my life," and may cause neck stiffness, but typically does not present with photophobia or positive meningeal signs like Kernig and Brudzinski signs.
To families and individual in the community, which is the MOST important goal of health education?
- A. To study their life history
- B. To identify their weeknesses
- C. To totally change their lifestyle
- D. To motivate them to develop skills and literacy in healtth
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because health education aims to empower individuals and families to develop skills and literacy in health. This enables them to make informed decisions and take control of their health. By improving their health literacy, they can better understand health information and navigate the healthcare system effectively. This goal aligns with promoting health behavior change and long-term wellness.
A: Studying life history is not a primary goal of health education and does not directly contribute to improving health outcomes.
B: Identifying weaknesses may be a part of health assessment, but the main goal is to empower individuals with skills and knowledge to improve their health.
C: While lifestyle changes may be necessary for better health, the goal of health education is to provide individuals with the tools to make these changes, not to impose drastic transformations.
A pregnant woman presents with severe abdominal pain and passage of tissue at 12 weeks gestation. On examination, the cervix is partially dilated, and products of conception are protruding through the cervical os. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Ectopic pregnancy
- B. Incomplete abortion
- C. Placenta previa
- D. Gestational trophoblastic disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the pregnant woman is presenting with severe abdominal pain, passage of tissue, and cervical dilation with products of conception protruding through the cervical os at 12 weeks gestation. These are classic signs and symptoms of an incomplete abortion. Incomplete abortion occurs when not all of the products of conception are expelled from the uterus. It can present with vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, cervical dilation, and passage of tissue. The management of incomplete abortion may involve expectant, medical, or surgical options depending on the clinical context and the patient's condition.