Nokea
A patient is receiving chlorothiazide a thiazide diuretic for hypertension. Which nursing action is important for prevention of complications?
- A. Measure output.
- B. Increase fluid intake.
- C. Assess for hypokalemia.
- D. Assess for hypernatremia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thiazide diuretic, chlorothiazide, affects electrolytes to cause hypokalemia (extreme potassium depletion in blood).
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A patient, age 69, is admitted to the hospital with gross hematuria and history of a 20-lb weight loss during the last 3 months. The health care provider suspects renal cancer. When assisting with data collection from this patient, the nurse recognizes which risk factor as significant for renal cancer?
- A. High caffeine intake
- B. Cigarette smoking
- C. Use of artificial sweeteners
- D. Chronic cystitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Risk factors include smoking; familial incidence; and preexisting renal disorders, such as adult polycystic kidney disease and renal cystic disease secondary to renal failure.
A patient, age 78, has been admitted to the hospital with dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. The patient is confused and incontinent of urine on admission. Which nursing intervention does the nurse expect to see in the plan of care?
- A. Restrict fluids after the evening meal.
- B. Insert an indwelling catheter.
- C. Assist the patient to the bathroom every 6 hours.
- D. Apply absorbent incontinence pads.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Use of protective undergarments may help to keep the patient and the patient's clothing dry. Patients who are confused are high risk for falls. Restricting fluids will only decrease incontinence during the night and will exacerbate the dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
When the patient receiving home health services is started on dialysis, the home health nurse refers the patient to a community support group that assists with the adjustments necessary to living with dialysis. Which group offers this service?
- A. National Kidney Foundation
- B. American Association of Kidney Patients
- C. American Red Cross
- D. Veterans Administration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The American Association of Kidney Patients offer support to the patient and family as they adapt to living with dialysis.
As the body breaks down protein, nitrogen wastes are broken down into urea, ammonia, and which other product?
- A. nitrogen.
- B. uric acid.
- C. nitrates.
- D. creatinine.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: As proteins break down, nitrogenous wastes-urea, ammonia, and creatinine-are produced.
Which aspect of self care will the nurse encourage, barring any other contraindication, when teaching a patient how to decrease the chance of further problems with urolithiasis?
- A. Increase his fluid intake.
- B. Increase intake of dairy products.
- C. Restrict his protein intake.
- D. Take one baby aspirin daily.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid intake should be encouraged to at least 2000 mL of fluid in 24 hours, unless contraindicated.