Nokea
A patient is scheduled for a lumbar puncture. Which action should the nurse take when preparing this patient?
- A. Remove all metal jewelry.
- B. Administer enemas until clear.
- C. Remove the patient's dentures.
- D. Assist the patient into a side-lying position.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For a lumbar puncture, the patient is positioned in a side-lying or sitting position with the back flexed to widen the intervertebral spaces. Removing metal jewelry, administering enemas, or removing dentures are not necessary. Proper positioning ensures a successful procedure.
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What is the role of semaphorins and Eph ligands in development of the nervous system?
- A. The semaphorins and Eph ligands are growth factors that stimulate cell division of neurons.
- B. The semaphorins and Eph ligands act as signals for the outgrowth of neuronal growth cones; in general, both lead growth cones to turn away.
- C. The semaphorins and Eph ligands act as signals for the outgrowth of neuronal growth cones; in general, both lead growth cones to come toward them.
- D. The semaphorins and Eph ligands are cell-cell adhesion molecules that bind adjacent neurons together.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Semaphorins and Eph ligands act as guidance cues for growing axons. They generally function as repulsive signals, causing growth cones to turn away from inappropriate regions. This ensures precise navigation of axons to their correct targets, which is essential for establishing functional neural circuits.
What is the most common diagnostic test used to assess musculoskeletal disorders?
- A. Myelogram
- B. Arthroscopy
- C. Standard x-ray
- D. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Standard x-rays are widely used for initial assessments.
A nurse is taking care of a client with ptosis (drooping) of the eyelids, difficulty chewing and swallowing, diplopia, voice weakness, masklike facial expression, and weakness of the extremities. Which of the following conditions does the nurse suspect?
- A. Parkinson's disease
- B. Extrapyramidal disorder
- C. Multiple sclerosis
- D. Myasthenia gravis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Myasthenia gravis presents with these symptoms, particularly muscle weakness.
A nurse is assessing a client on the musculoskeletal floor and identifies symptoms of weak pulses, dusky color in the ankles, and 3+ local edema. Which of the following does the nurse suspect to be an issue with this client?
- A. Problems with circulation
- B. Problems with sensation
- C. Problems with mobility
- D. Problems with pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Weak pulses, dusky color, and edema strongly suggest circulatory issues.
Nerve cells form long projections called ________.
- A. soma
- B. axons
- C. dendrites
- D. synapses
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: axons. Nerve cells form long projections called axons to transmit electrical impulses away from the cell body. Axons are essential for communicating signals between different parts of the nervous system. Soma (A) refers to the cell body of the neuron, dendrites (C) are short, branched extensions that receive signals, and synapses (D) are the junctions where neurons communicate with each other, not the long projections themselves. Therefore, axons are the correct choice for the long projections formed by nerve cells.