Nokea
Regarding retinal metabolism:
- A. insulin is essential for the uptake of glucose by the retina
- B. anaerobic metabolism predominates
- C. the pigment retinal epithelium stores glycogen and supplies the need of the retina
- D. the demand of oxygen is met entirely by the central retinal artery
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Retinal metabolism is primarily anaerobic, especially in the inner retina. Insulin is not required for glucose uptake, and oxygen is supplied by both the retinal and choroidal circulations.
You may also like to solve these questions
In our body involuntary actions are controlled by:
- A. Medulla in Hindbrain
- B. Medulla in Forebrain
- C. Medulla in Spinal Cord
- D. Medulla in Midbrain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Medulla in Hindbrain is the correct answer because it controls involuntary actions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. The medulla oblongata, located in the hindbrain, is essential for maintaining vital bodily functions without conscious effort.
The 30-year-old female client is admitted with complaints of numbness, tingling, a crawling sensation affecting the extremities, and double vision which has occurred two(2) times in the month. Which question is most important for the nurse to ask the client?
- A. Have you experienced any difficulty with your menstrual cycle?
- B. Have you noticed a rash across the bridge of your nose?
- C. Do you get tired easily and sometimes have problems swallowing?
- D. Are you taking birth control pills to prevent conception?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fatigue and swallowing difficulties are common symptoms of MS and can indicate disease progression or exacerbation.
A 60-year-old woman has pain on motion in her fingers and asks the nurse whether this is just a result of aging. The best response by the nurse should include what information?
- A. Joint pain with functional limitation is a normal change that affects all people to some extent.
- B. Joint pain that develops with age is usually related to previous trauma or infection of the joints.
- C. This is a symptom of a systemic arthritis that eventually affects all joints as the disease progresses.
- D. Changes in the cartilage and bones of joints may cause symptoms of pain and loss of function in some people as they age.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Age-related joint changes can cause pain and dysfunction.
What is the role of semaphorins and Eph ligands in development of the nervous system?
- A. The semaphorins and Eph ligands are growth factors that stimulate cell division of neurons.
- B. The semaphorins and Eph ligands act as signals for the outgrowth of neuronal growth cones; in general, both lead growth cones to turn away.
- C. The semaphorins and Eph ligands act as signals for the outgrowth of neuronal growth cones; in general, both lead growth cones to come toward them.
- D. The semaphorins and Eph ligands are cell-cell adhesion molecules that bind adjacent neurons together.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Semaphorins and Eph ligands act as guidance cues for growing axons. They generally function as repulsive signals, causing growth cones to turn away from inappropriate regions. This ensures precise navigation of axons to their correct targets, which is essential for establishing functional neural circuits.
The olfactory area is found within the:
- A. occipital lobe
- B. temporal lobe
- C. frontal lobe
- D. parietal lobe
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The olfactory area, responsible for the sense of smell, is located in the temporal lobe of the brain. The occipital, frontal, and parietal lobes have different functions, and the pyramidal tract is involved in motor control. Therefore, B is the correct answer.