Nokea
A patient presents with a unilateral, painless enlargement of the thyroid gland. Fine-needle aspiration cytology reveals numerous microfollicles and psammoma bodies. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Thyroglossal duct cyst
- B. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- C. Thyroid adenoma
- D. Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer and is known for presenting as a painless unilateral enlargement of the thyroid gland. Fine-needle aspiration cytology typically reveals classic features such as numerous microfollicles and psammoma bodies. Thyroglossal duct cyst, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and thyroid adenoma would not typically present with these cytological features or with painless thyroid enlargement as seen in papillary thyroid carcinoma.
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This global program aims to end poverty and protect the planet?
- A. Center for Disease Control
- B. Sustainable development goal
- C. Millenium development goals
- D. World health organization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The global program that aims to end poverty and protect the planet is known as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. The goals address a wide range of social, economic, and environmental challenges that the world faces, including poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality, clean water, and energy. By achieving the SDGs, countries can work together to create a more sustainable and equitable world for present and future generations.
A safe patient environment includes following factors EXCEPT
- A. Socio-economic needs
- B. sanitation is maintained
- C. basic needs are met
- D. physical hazards are reduced
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A safe patient environment should address the physical, emotional, and psychological well-being of the patient. While socio-economic needs are important for overall patient care, they are not directly related to creating a safe environment within a healthcare setting. Factors such as maintaining sanitation, meeting basic needs, and reducing physical hazards are crucial to ensuring the safety and well-being of patients. However, addressing socio-economic needs falls more within the realm of holistic patient care beyond just the physical safety aspect.
Upon data collection he had been failing three times in his math class and Korino was known for substance dependent for three years. What is the MOST APPROPRIATE nursing diagnosis for him?
- A. Alteration in perception.
- B. Ineffective individual coping.
- C. Alteration in social interaction.
- D. Impaired judgment.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for the individual described is "Ineffective individual coping." This is because the individual has been facing challenges in both academic (failing math class) and personal (substance dependence) aspects of his life. The repeated failures in his math class and the substance dependence for three years indicate that he might be struggling to cope with stressors and challenges in his life effectively. By identifying this nursing diagnosis, the nurse can focus on helping the individual develop effective coping strategies to manage and overcome these difficulties.
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with acute exacerbation and severe dyspnea. Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis reveals pH 7.28, PaO2 55 mmHg, PaCO2 65 mmHg, and HCO3- 30 mEq/L. Which of the following acid-base disturbances is most likely present in this patient?
- A. Respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
- B. Respiratory alkalosis with metabolic compensation
- C. Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
- D. Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this case, the patient is experiencing respiratory acidosis as indicated by the low pH (7.28), elevated PaCO2 (65 mmHg), and elevated HCO3- (30 mEq/L). The primary acid-base disturbance is respiratory acidosis due to the retention of carbon dioxide (PaCO2 >45 mmHg) leading to an increase in HCO3- as a compensatory mechanism to maintain pH within normal limits. The elevated HCO3- levels (metabolic compensation) are trying to counterbalance the increased PaCO2 levels (respiratory acidosis) by increasing bicarbonate to attempt to normalize the pH. Overall, the ABG analysis shows respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation in this COPD patient with an acute exacerbation and severe dyspnea.
A patient presents with multiple grouped vesicles on an erythematous base, affecting the genital area. The patient reports a history of similar lesions in the past, occurring during periods of stress. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Herpes simplex genitalis
- B. Genital warts (condyloma acuminata)
- C. Syphilis (chancre)
- D. Molluscum contagiosum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation described, involving multiple grouped vesicles on an erythematous base in the genital area, is classic for herpes simplex genitalis. This condition is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and is characterized by recurrent outbreaks of painful vesicles in the genital or perianal area. The history of similar lesions occurring during periods of stress is also suggestive of herpes simplex virus reactivation. Genital warts (condyloma acuminata) typically present as painless, fleshy growths in the genital area caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Syphilis manifests as a painless ulcer known as a chancre, which is not described in the presentation. Molluscum contagiosum presents with pearly, dome-shaped papules with central umbilication, rather than vesicles.