Adult Health Nursing Quizlet Final

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A patient in the ICU develops acute exacerbation of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis. What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's metabolic derangements?

  • A. Initiate intravenous sodium bicarbonate for acid-base correction.
  • B. Administer insulin and glucose to promote cellular uptake of potassium.
  • C. Recommend dietary potassium restriction and potassium-binding agents.
  • D. Perform emergent hemodialysis for potassium removal.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the scenario described, with the patient having an acute exacerbation of chronic kidney disease (CKD) leading to hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis, the priority intervention to manage the metabolic derangements is to perform emergent hemodialysis for potassium removal. Hemodialysis is the most effective and rapid method to lower dangerously high potassium levels in the blood. It is crucial in cases of severe hyperkalemia where other measures such as medications or dietary modifications may not be sufficient or fast enough to correct the elevated potassium levels. Additionally, hemodialysis can also help in improving metabolic acidosis by removing waste products and excess electrolytes from the blood. Overall, emergent hemodialysis is the most appropriate intervention for managing the acute metabolic abnormalities in this critically ill patient.

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This global program aims to end poverty and protect the planet?

  • A. Center for Disease Control
  • B. Sustainable development goal
  • C. Millenium development goals
  • D. World health organization
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The global program that aims to end poverty and protect the planet is known as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. The goals address a wide range of social, economic, and environmental challenges that the world faces, including poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality, clean water, and energy. By achieving the SDGs, countries can work together to create a more sustainable and equitable world for present and future generations.

Which of the following give meaning and context to the message?

  • A. Process
  • B. Context
  • C. Phrases and sentences
  • D. Thoughts and feelings
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In order to understand and interpret a message accurately, it is essential to consider the context in which it was delivered. Context provides the necessary background information, setting, and circumstances that give meaning and relevance to the message being communicated. Without context, it can be challenging to fully grasp the intention and significance of the communication. While the other options (process, phrases and sentences, thoughts and feelings) play roles in communication, it is the context that ultimately helps to give meaning and context to the message being conveyed.

A patient with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed metformin therapy. Which adverse effect is associated with metformin use and requires immediate medical attention?

  • A. Hypoglycemia
  • B. Lactic acidosis
  • C. Hyperkalemia
  • D. Peripheral neuropathy
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Metformin is a commonly prescribed medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. One of the rare but serious adverse effects associated with metformin use is lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis results from the buildup of lactic acid in the bloodstream, leading to symptoms such as weakness, rapid breathing, abdominal pain, and muscle pain. Lactic acidosis can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. It is important for patients taking metformin to be aware of the signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis and seek immediate medical help if they experience any of these symptoms. Regular monitoring of kidney function is crucial in patients taking metformin to reduce the risk of lactic acidosis.

A pregnant woman presents with vaginal bleeding and passage of tissue at 10 weeks gestation. On examination, the cervix is dilated, and products of conception are visualized in the cervical os. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?

  • A. Ectopic pregnancy
  • B. Threatened abortion
  • C. Placenta previa
  • D. Complete abortion
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Complete abortion is the most likely cause of the symptoms described. In a complete abortion, all products of conception are expelled from the uterus. Symptoms include vaginal bleeding, passage of tissue, and dilation of the cervix. In this scenario, the presentation of a dilated cervix with visualized products of conception is classic for a complete abortion at 10 weeks gestation.

A patient is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for the management of hypertension. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely in the patient?

  • A. Hyperkalemia
  • B. Hypoglycemia
  • C. Hypercalcemia
  • D. Hypotension Theatre Nursing
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a patient is prescribed with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for managing hypertension, the nurse should monitor closely for signs of hyperkalemia. ACE inhibitors can affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, leading to decreased aldosterone secretion and impaired potassium excretion by the kidneys. As a result, potassium levels in the blood may increase, leading to hyperkalemia.

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