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A patient presents with weight loss, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Laboratory tests reveal hypoglycemia and elevated insulin levels. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Hyperthyroidism
- B. Hypothyroidism
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Insulinoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Insulinoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that arises from pancreatic beta cells, leading to excessive production and secretion of insulin. The symptoms described in the patient, such as weight loss, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hypoglycemia, and elevated insulin levels, are characteristic of insulinoma.
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On the first postpartum day, a primiparous patient complains of perineal pain that was unrelieved by Ibuprofen 400 mg given two hours ago. Nurse Kayla should assess for which of the following?
- A. Vaginal laceration
- B. History of Drug Abuse
- C. Perineal hematoma
- D. Puerperal infection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a primiparous patient who complains of unrelieved perineal pain on the first postpartum day, Nurse Kayla should assess for a perineal hematoma. A perineal hematoma is a collection of blood in the perineal tissues and can cause significant pain and discomfort. It can be a result of trauma during delivery or due to a blood vessel rupture. This condition requires prompt assessment and intervention to prevent complications such as infection or excessive bleeding. Vaginal laceration would typically be identified during the delivery process and would have been repaired by the healthcare provider. History of drug abuse, while important to know for overall patient care, is not as relevant in this immediate postpartum pain assessment. Puerperal infection usually presents with other signs such as fever, foul-smelling discharge, and uterine tenderness, which are not mentioned in this scenario.
To remove the ingested poisonous substance, the physician ordered a gastric lavage. What is the role of the nurse immediately prior to the procedure?
- A. Get the right size of the nasogastric tube
- B. Remind parents to be careful next time
- C. Obtain an informed consent immediately
- D. Tell the parent that they are negligent
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prior to a gastric lavage procedure, it is essential for the nurse to ensure the correct size of the nasogastric tube is selected. The appropriate size of the tube will allow for effective removal of the ingested poisonous substance during the procedure. Proper sizing also helps in preventing complications such as injury to the gastrointestinal tract or inadequate removal of the substance. This step is crucial for the safe and successful completion of gastric lavage. Reminding parents to be careful, obtaining informed consent immediately, or accusing them of negligence are not immediate responsibilities of the nurse in this context.
The psychiatric diagnosing of patients is a morally charged issue and the assigning of diagnosis may be an ethical issue. The role of the nurse in diagnosing psychiatric patient is important because nurses are _______.
- A. collaborators in the diagnostic process
- B. planners of psychiatric nursing care
- C. knowledgeable in the field of psychiatry due to extensive clinical experience
- D. Competent by virtue of their educational preparation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nurses play a crucial role as collaborators in the diagnostic process of psychiatric patients. While nurses themselves do not diagnose psychiatric conditions, they work closely with other healthcare providers such as psychiatrists and psychologists in assessing and monitoring patients' mental health status. Nurses gather valuable information, observe patients' behaviors, and communicate effectively with the healthcare team to contribute to the overall diagnostic process. By actively participating in assessments and evaluations, nurses help ensure accurate diagnoses and appropriate treatment plans for psychiatric patients.
A patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed methotrexate. Which laboratory parameter should be monitored closely during methotrexate therapy?
- A. Serum sodium
- B. Serum creatinine
- C. Liver function tests
- D. White blood cell count
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Methotrexate is a medication commonly used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is known to have potential hepatotoxic effects, meaning it can harm the liver. Monitoring liver function tests (such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin levels) is essential to detect any liver damage early on during methotrexate therapy. By closely monitoring liver function tests, healthcare providers can assess the medication's impact on the liver and determine if any dose adjustments or discontinuation of the drug is necessary to prevent further liver damage. Regular monitoring of liver function tests helps ensure the safe and effective use of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
A profession is characterized by the following except:
- A. Body of knowledge
- B. Code of ethics
- C. member of professional organization
- D. Engages in research
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A profession is characterized by having a body of knowledge, a code of ethics, and engaging in research. However, being a member of a professional organization is not a defining characteristic of a profession. While many professionals may choose to join professional organizations for networking, support, and career advancement reasons, membership in such organizations is not universally required or exclusive to being considered a professional in a particular field. Hence, the presence or absence of professional organization membership does not determine the professional status of an individual.