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A patient tells the nurse that he is very nervous, that he is nauseated, and that he "feels hot." This type of data would be:
- A. objective.
- B. reflective.
- C. subjective.
- D. introspective.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: subjective. Subjective data refers to information provided by the patient based on their feelings, perceptions, and experiences. In this case, the patient's report of feeling nervous, nauseated, and hot is subjective because it reflects their personal sensations and cannot be measured or observed directly by the nurse. Objective data (choice A) is measurable and observable, such as vital signs or physical examination findings. Reflective (choice B) and introspective (choice D) do not accurately describe the type of data provided by the patient in this scenario. The patient's symptoms are subjective because they are based on the patient's own feelings and experiences, making choice C the most appropriate answer.
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Which nursing intervention should be prioritized for a client with congestive heart failure (CHF)?
- A. Administer diuretics
- B. Limit fluid intake
- C. Promote activity
- D. Maintain fluid balance
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): Promoting activity is the most prioritized nursing intervention for a client with CHF. Activity helps improve cardiac function, decreases fluid accumulation, and enhances overall cardiovascular health. It also prevents complications like muscle weakness and deconditioning. It is crucial in managing CHF symptoms and improving the client's quality of life.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: Administering diuretics helps in reducing fluid overload but does not address the underlying issue of improving cardiac function through physical activity.
B: Limiting fluid intake is important, but promoting activity takes precedence as it directly impacts cardiac function and fluid accumulation.
D: Maintaining fluid balance is necessary but is a broad concept that includes various interventions, with promoting activity being more focused and critical in CHF management.
A nurse is assessing a patient who has a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following findings would be most concerning?
- A. Pain and swelling in the leg.
- B. Redness and warmth around the affected area.
- C. Shortness of breath and chest pain.
- D. Pale skin and decreased pulse in the affected leg.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Shortness of breath and chest pain. This is most concerning because it could indicate a pulmonary embolism, a serious complication of DVT where a blood clot travels to the lungs. Shortness of breath and chest pain are signs of compromised respiratory and cardiac function.
A: Pain and swelling in the leg are common symptoms of DVT but not as concerning as symptoms of a pulmonary embolism.
B: Redness and warmth around the affected area are typical signs of inflammation associated with DVT but do not indicate a life-threatening complication like a pulmonary embolism.
D: Pale skin and decreased pulse in the affected leg could be signs of compromised circulation due to DVT, but they are not as immediately life-threatening as symptoms of a pulmonary embolism.
What does a focused assessment primarily address?
- A. Comprehensive physical findings
- B. Specific client issues
- C. Multiple body systems
- D. Long-term wellness goals
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Specific client issues. A focused assessment is a targeted examination that addresses specific client concerns or issues. By focusing on a particular aspect of the client's health, healthcare providers can gather relevant information efficiently and effectively. This approach allows for a more in-depth evaluation of the specific problem at hand, leading to better treatment outcomes.
Choice A (Comprehensive physical findings) is incorrect because a focused assessment does not aim to gather information on all physical findings, but rather on specific issues. Choice C (Multiple body systems) is incorrect because a focused assessment is more narrow in scope and typically focuses on one area or system of the body. Choice D (Long-term wellness goals) is incorrect as a focused assessment is more immediate and targeted towards addressing current issues rather than long-term goals.
What should be the nurse's first action for a client who has sustained a spinal cord injury?
- A. Immobilize the spine
- B. Assess the client's airway
- C. Place the client in a supine position
- D. Encourage deep breathing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Place the client in a supine position. This is the first action because it helps prevent further injury to the spinal cord by maintaining alignment. Immobilizing the spine (choice A) is important but should come after placing the client in a supine position. Assessing the client's airway (choice B) is crucial but not the first action in a spinal cord injury. Encouraging deep breathing (choice D) is not appropriate as the priority is to stabilize the spine. In summary, placing the client in a supine position is the initial step to prevent worsening of the spinal cord injury, while the other choices are important but secondary actions.
What should be the nurse's first action when caring for a client with a traumatic amputation?
- A. Apply pressure and elevate the limb
- B. Stop the bleeding and control shock
- C. Place the client in a Trendelenburg position
- D. Place the client in a sitting position
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct first action is A: Apply pressure and elevate the limb. This is because applying pressure helps control bleeding and elevating the limb reduces blood flow to the area, minimizing further blood loss. This immediate intervention is crucial in managing the traumatic amputation and preventing complications.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Stopping bleeding and controlling shock can be important but not the first action.
C: Placing the client in a Trendelenburg position (feet elevated higher than the head) is contraindicated in cases of traumatic amputation as it can increase bleeding.
D: Placing the client in a sitting position is not appropriate as it can worsen bleeding and lead to further complications.