Nokea
A patient was recently exposed to infectious microorganisms and many T lymphocytes are now differentiating into killer T cells. This process characterizes what stage of the immune response?
- A. Effector
- B. Proliferation
- C. Response
- D. Recognition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the proliferation stage, T lymphocytes differentiate into cytotoxic (or killer) T cells, whereas B lymphocytes produce and release antibodies. This does not occur in the response, recognition, or effector stages.
You may also like to solve these questions
A nurse has administered a childs scheduled vaccination for rubella. This vaccination will cause the child to develop which of the following?
- A. Natural immunity
- B. Active acquired immunity
- C. Cellular immunity
- D. Mild hypersensitivity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Active acquired immunity usually develops as a result of vaccination or contracting a disease. Natural immunity is present at birth and provides a nonspecific response to any foreign invader. Immunizations do not activate the process of cellular immunity. Hypersensitivity is not an expected outcome of immunization.
A 16-year-old has been brought to the emergency department by his parents after falling through the glass of a patio door, suffering a laceration. The nurse caring for this patient knows that the site of the injury will have an invasion of what?
- A. Interferons
- B. Phagocytic cells
- C. Apoptosis
- D. Cytokines
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Monocytes migrate to injury sites and function as phagocytic cells, engulfing, ingesting, and destroying greater numbers and quantities of foreign bodies or toxins than granulocytes. This occurs in response to the foreign bodies that have invaded the laceration from the dirt on the broken glass. Interferon, one type of biologic response modifier, is a nonspecific viricidal protein that is naturally produced by the body and is capable of activating other components of the immune system. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is the bodys way of destroying worn out cells such as blood or skin cells or cells that need to be renewed. Cytokines are the various proteins that mediate the immune response. These do not migrate to injury sites.
A patients exposure to which of the following microorganisms is most likely to trigger a cellular response?
- A. Herpes simplex
- B. Staphylococcus aureus
- C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- D. Beta hemolytic Streptococcus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Viral, rather than bacterial antigens, induce a cellular response.
A nurse is planning the assessment of a patient who is exhibiting signs and symptoms of an autoimmune disorder. The nurse should be aware that the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases is known to be higher among what group?
- A. Young adults
- B. Native Americans
- C. Women
- D. Hispanics
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Many autoimmune diseases have a higher incidence in females than in males, a phenomenon believed to be correlated with sex hormones.
A patient is responding to a microbial invasion and the patients differentiated lymphocytes have begun to function in either a humoral or a cellular capacity. During what stage of the immune response does this occur?
- A. The recognition stage
- B. The effector stage
- C. The response stage
- D. The proliferation stage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the response stage, the differentiated lymphocytes function in either a humoral or a cellular capacity. In the effector stage, either the antibody of the humoral response or the cytotoxic (killer) T cell of the cellular response reaches and connects with the antigen on the surface of the foreign invader. In the recognition stage, the recognition of antigens as foreign, or non-self, by the immune system is the initiating event in any immune response. During the proliferation stage the circulating lymphocytes containing the antigenic message return to the nearest lymph node.