Nokea
A patient who consumes a diet that is deficient in vitamin D may be at risk for deficiency of which of the following?
- A. Calcium
- B. Potassium
- C. Phosphorus
- D. Magnesium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin D deficiency impairs calcium absorption, increasing the risk of calcium deficiency.
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Which of the following signs and symptoms may point toward a fluid-volume excess?
- A. Elevated blood pressure
- B. Clear lung fields
- C. Weight gain
- D. Edema of extremities
- E. Crackles in lungs
- F. Respiratory rate of 20 per minute
- G. Decrease in pulse volume
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Signs of fluid-volume excess include elevated blood pressure, weight gain, edema, and crackles in lungs due to fluid accumulation.
The average adult needs to drink how much water each day?
- A. 0.5 L
- B. 1 L
- C. 1.5 to 2 L
- D. 2 to 3 L
- E. 3 to 4 L
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The average adult requires 2 to 3 liters of water daily to maintain proper hydration, depending on activity level and environmental factors.
If the patient's blood pH is 7.47, the patient is in
- A. Alkalosis.
- B. Acidosis.
- C. Hypovolemic shock.
- D. Tetany.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A blood pH of 7.47 is above the normal range (7.35-7.45), indicating alkalosis.
Which of the following statements is(are) accurate about caring for patients with hypocalcemia?
- A. IV infusion of calcium can cause bradycardia.
- B. Assess for tingling around the mouth or tips of the fingers.
- C. Assess the patient's lungs frequently for crackles and the patient for shortness of breath.
- D. Monitor for muscle twitching and tetany.
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Hypocalcemia care involves monitoring for tingling, muscle twitching, tetany, and potential bradycardia from IV calcium administration.
Which laboratory results do you need to check for a patient to whom you are giving furosemide, a loop diuretic?
- A. Hemoglobin
- B. White blood cell count
- C. Urinalysis
- D. Potassium level
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Furosemide can cause potassium loss, so monitoring potassium levels is critical to prevent hypokalemia.