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ANF is another hormone that affects the body's water level. Which of the following statements regarding ANF are accurate?
- A. ANF's production is signaled when baroreceptors detect abnormally low pressure, meaning that blood volume is too low.
- B. ANF inhibits renin production by the kidneys.
- C. ANF causes sodium to be retained by the kidneys.
- D. The end result of ANF increases water loss through the kidneys.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) inhibits renin production, promoting sodium and water excretion, which increases water loss through the kidneys.
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A patient who consumes a diet that is deficient in vitamin D may be at risk for deficiency of which of the following?
- A. Calcium
- B. Potassium
- C. Phosphorus
- D. Magnesium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin D deficiency impairs calcium absorption, increasing the risk of calcium deficiency.
The average adult needs to drink how much water each day?
- A. 0.5 L
- B. 1 L
- C. 1.5 to 2 L
- D. 2 to 3 L
- E. 3 to 4 L
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The average adult requires 2 to 3 liters of water daily to maintain proper hydration, depending on activity level and environmental factors.
Which of the following nursing actions might be appropriate for a patient with fluid-volume excess?
- A. Administration of a diuretic ordered by the physician
- B. Encouraging consumption of a high-sodium diet ordered by the physician
- C. Auscultating the breath sounds every 4 hours
- D. Monitoring daily weights
- E. Assessing the SpO_2 every 4 hours, noting decreases
- F. Encouraging oral fluid intake of at least 1,800 mL / day
- G. Monitoring I/O (intake/output)
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E,G
Rationale: Appropriate actions include administering diuretics, monitoring breath sounds, weights, oxygen saturation, and intake/output to manage fluid overload.
The Institute of Medicine recommends that an average adult needs????.milligrams of potassium per day for optimal health.
- A. 3500
- B. 4000
- C. 3700
- D. 2800
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Institute of Medicine recommends approximately 3500 mg of potassium daily for adults to support optimal health.
Ionized calcium is needed for which of the following body functions?
- A. Delivery of glucose into the cells
- B. Transmission of electrical impulses along nerve pathways
- C. Normal oxygen saturation
- D. Normal bowel function
- E. Muscle contraction and relaxation
Correct Answer: B,E
Rationale: Ionized calcium is essential for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction/relaxation.