Nokea
Your patient is taking a thiazide diuretic routinely and tends to run a low serum K? level even though the physician has prescribed K? supplementation and the patient reports taking it faithfully. Which of the following foods would you recommend the patient add to his diet to assist in maintaining normal K? levels?
- A. Baked potatoes
- B. Whole-grain bread
- C. Bananas
- D. Oranges
- E. Apricots
- F. Halibut
- G. Green beans
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E,F
Rationale: Potassium-rich foods like baked potatoes, bananas, oranges, apricots, and halibut help maintain normal potassium levels.
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If the patient's blood pH is 7.47, the patient is in
- A. Alkalosis.
- B. Acidosis.
- C. Hypovolemic shock.
- D. Tetany.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A blood pH of 7.47 is above the normal range (7.35-7.45), indicating alkalosis.
A patient who consumes a diet that is deficient in vitamin D may be at risk for deficiency of which of the following?
- A. Calcium
- B. Potassium
- C. Phosphorus
- D. Magnesium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin D deficiency impairs calcium absorption, increasing the risk of calcium deficiency.
ANF is another hormone that affects the body's water level. Which of the following statements regarding ANF are accurate?
- A. ANF's production is signaled when baroreceptors detect abnormally low pressure, meaning that blood volume is too low.
- B. ANF inhibits renin production by the kidneys.
- C. ANF causes sodium to be retained by the kidneys.
- D. The end result of ANF increases water loss through the kidneys.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) inhibits renin production, promoting sodium and water excretion, which increases water loss through the kidneys.
Which laboratory results do you need to check for a patient to whom you are giving furosemide, a loop diuretic?
- A. Hemoglobin
- B. White blood cell count
- C. Urinalysis
- D. Potassium level
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Furosemide can cause potassium loss, so monitoring potassium levels is critical to prevent hypokalemia.
Which of the following signs and symptoms may point toward a fluid-volume excess?
- A. Elevated blood pressure
- B. Clear lung fields
- C. Weight gain
- D. Edema of extremities
- E. Crackles in lungs
- F. Respiratory rate of 20 per minute
- G. Decrease in pulse volume
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Signs of fluid-volume excess include elevated blood pressure, weight gain, edema, and crackles in lungs due to fluid accumulation.