Nokea
The average adult needs to drink how much water each day?
- A. 0.5 L
- B. 1 L
- C. 1.5 to 2 L
- D. 2 to 3 L
- E. 3 to 4 L
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The average adult requires 2 to 3 liters of water daily to maintain proper hydration, depending on activity level and environmental factors.
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Which laboratory results do you need to check for a patient to whom you are giving furosemide, a loop diuretic?
- A. Hemoglobin
- B. White blood cell count
- C. Urinalysis
- D. Potassium level
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Furosemide can cause potassium loss, so monitoring potassium levels is critical to prevent hypokalemia.
ANF is another hormone that affects the body's water level. Which of the following statements regarding ANF are accurate?
- A. ANF's production is signaled when baroreceptors detect abnormally low pressure, meaning that blood volume is too low.
- B. ANF inhibits renin production by the kidneys.
- C. ANF causes sodium to be retained by the kidneys.
- D. The end result of ANF increases water loss through the kidneys.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) inhibits renin production, promoting sodium and water excretion, which increases water loss through the kidneys.
A patient who consumes a diet that is deficient in vitamin D may be at risk for deficiency of which of the following?
- A. Calcium
- B. Potassium
- C. Phosphorus
- D. Magnesium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin D deficiency impairs calcium absorption, increasing the risk of calcium deficiency.
Your knowledge of which of the following pieces of data regarding potassium takes highest priority?
- A. Never give KCl IV push.
- B. Never administer potassium chloride by the direct intravenous route.
- C. $\mathrm{KCl}$ given IV push can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias.
- D. Yes, this is a trick question. All of the above choices are essentially the same, but you probably will be able to remember to never give $\mathrm{KCl}$ direct IV push.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All statements emphasize the danger of administering potassium chloride IV push, which can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias, making this knowledge critical.
Which of the following signs and symptoms may point toward a fluid-volume excess?
- A. Elevated blood pressure
- B. Clear lung fields
- C. Weight gain
- D. Edema of extremities
- E. Crackles in lungs
- F. Respiratory rate of 20 per minute
- G. Decrease in pulse volume
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Signs of fluid-volume excess include elevated blood pressure, weight gain, edema, and crackles in lungs due to fluid accumulation.