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A patient who has been working on controlling impulsive behavior shows a strengthening ego through which of the following behaviors?
- A. Going to therapy only when there is nothing more desirable to do
- B. Weighing the advantages and disadvantages before making a decision
- C. Telling others in the group the right way to act
- D. Reporting having fun at a recent social event
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ego mediates between the id's impulsive desires and the superego's moral constraints. Weighing advantages and disadvantages before deciding reflects mature, adaptive ego functioning, unlike the other options which indicate impulsivity, control, or unrelated social behavior.
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A student nurse attends a self-help group as part of a class assignment. While there the student recognizes a family friend. Upon returning home, the student talks about the experience with the family. The student's actions can be described as
- A. Appropriate, persons familiar with group members are allowed self-help group membership.
- B. Appropriate; self-help groups are not professional and therefore are open to public knowledge.
- C. Inappropriate; most self-help groups have a rule of confidentiality.
- D. Inappropriate; the student should not have been allowed to attend the group.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Most self-help groups, like 12-step programs, maintain confidentiality, making it inappropriate to discuss attendees or content outside the group.
A nurse is meeting with a crisis support group. In efforts to help patients identify with one another, the nurse explains which of the following about the crisis experience?
- A. Even happy events can cause a crisis if the stress is overwhelming.
- B. Only people who have unfortunate life events will experience a crisis.
- C. A person has no control over how a crisis will affect him or her.
- D. People can prevent all crises if they develop good coping skills early.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Crises can arise from both positive and negative events, like marriage or loss, when stress overwhelms coping abilities. Not all crises stem from negative events, individuals have some control through coping, and not all crises can be prevented.
A patient reports a pattern of being suspicious and mistrusting of others, causing difficulty in sustaining lasting relationships. Which stage according to Erikson's psychosocial development was not successfully completed?
- A. Trust
- B. Autonomy
- C. Initiative
- D. Industry
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failure to develop trust during Erikson's trust vs. mistrust stage can lead to suspicion and difficulty in relationships throughout life. The other stages (autonomy, initiative, industry) focus on different developmental tasks not directly related to trust issues.
Which one of the following is an important characteristic of an effective therapist-client relationship in individual psychotherapy?
- A. Homogeneity between the client and the therapist.
- B. Mutual benefit for the client and the therapist.
- C. The client must adapt to the therapist's style of therapy and theoretical beliefs.
- D. Match between the theoretical beliefs and style of therapy and the client's needs and expectations of therapy.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Effective therapy requires compatibility between the therapist's approach and the client's needs and expectations, prioritizing the client's benefit over homogeneity or therapist gain.
The nurse is assessing a client who is talking about her son's recent death but who shows no emotion of any kind. The nurse recognizes this behavior as which of the following defense mechanisms?
- A. Dissociation
- B. Displacement
- C. Intellectualization
- D. Suppression
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intellectualization involves discussing a painful event factually without expressing associated emotions, as seen in the client's behavior. Dissociation, displacement, and suppression involve different coping mechanisms.