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A client begins to take stock of his life and look into the future. The nurse assesses that this client is in which of Erikson's developmental stages?
- A. Identity versus role confusion
- B. Industry versus inferiority
- C. Integrity versus despair
- D. Generativity versus stagnation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Erikson's integrity vs. despair stage, occurring in later adulthood, involves reflecting on one's life and future, as described in the client's behavior.
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Which cognitive mode, according to Harry Stack Sullivan, begins in early childhood as the child begins to connect experiences in sequence?
- A. Prototaxic mode
- B. Parataxic mode
- C. Bitaxic mode
- D. Syntaxic mode
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sullivan's parataxic mode involves children connecting experiences in sequence, though not always logically, marking an early cognitive developmental stage.
The nurse would recommend individual therapy for the patient who expresses a desire to
- A. Bring about personal changes.
- B. Gain a sense of belonging.
- C. Develop leadership skills.
- D. Learn more about treatment.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Individual psychotherapy is ideal for clients seeking personal change, self-understanding, or relief from emotional distress, unlike group-based goals like belonging or leadership.
During the initial interview with a client in crisis, the initial priority is to
- A. Assess the adequacy of the support system.
- B. Assess for substance use.
- C. Determine the precrisis level of functioning.
- D. Evaluate the potential for self-harm.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Safety is the priority in a crisis, so evaluating the potential for self-harm is critical before assessing support systems, substance use, or precrisis functioning.
Which of the following is most essential when planning care for a client who is experiencing a crisis?
- A. Explore previous coping strategies
- B. Explore underlying personality dynamics
- C. Focus on emotional deficits
- D. Offer a referral to a self-help group
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Crisis intervention leverages the client's existing coping strategies and strengths to address the current situation, making this the most essential focus.
The primary purpose for generalist nurses to develop skills with psychosocial interventions is
- A. Psychosocial interventions are included on the nursing licensure examinations.
- B. Psychosocial interventions are needed in all nursing practice settings.
- C. Nurses will be consulted to assist in the care of psychiatric patients in acute care settings.
- D. There are a growing number of nursing practice opportunities in mental health settings.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Psychosocial interventions are essential across all nursing settings to address clients' emotional and behavioral needs, not just in mental health or for licensure purposes.