Nokea
Patients on an inpatient psychiatric unit can earn off-unit privileges for daily use of socially appropriate behavior. This is an example of employing which concept of behavior?
- A. Systematic desensitization
- B. Negative reinforcement
- C. Classical conditioning
- D. Operant conditioning
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Operant conditioning involves learning through rewards, like earning privileges for appropriate behavior, increasing the likelihood of that behavior recurring.
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A student nurse attends a self-help group as part of a class assignment. While there the student recognizes a family friend. Upon returning home, the student talks about the experience with the family. The student's actions can be described as
- A. Appropriate, persons familiar with group members are allowed self-help group membership.
- B. Appropriate; self-help groups are not professional and therefore are open to public knowledge.
- C. Inappropriate; most self-help groups have a rule of confidentiality.
- D. Inappropriate; the student should not have been allowed to attend the group.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Most self-help groups, like 12-step programs, maintain confidentiality, making it inappropriate to discuss attendees or content outside the group.
A patient states, 'I hate spending time with my family. They're always on my back about something. I won't do anything they ask me to do.' Which response by the nurse reflects a behavioral perspective?
- A. Let's play like I'm your parent, and we'll practice some better ways to communicate that won't result in an argument.
- B. Some medicines really help with anger. Are you interested in talking to your physician about starting you on something?
- C. That's probably your way of getting back at them for being strict with you when you were younger.
- D. If you agree to start doing what your parents request, then they have agreed to respect your privacy more.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A behavioral perspective focuses on observable behaviors and uses rewards or consequences to modify them, as in negotiating compliance for privacy.
A patient reports a pattern of being suspicious and mistrusting of others, causing difficulty in sustaining lasting relationships. Which stage according to Erikson's psychosocial development was not successfully completed?
- A. Trust
- B. Autonomy
- C. Initiative
- D. Industry
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failure to develop trust during Erikson's trust vs. mistrust stage can lead to suspicion and difficulty in relationships throughout life. The other stages (autonomy, initiative, industry) focus on different developmental tasks not directly related to trust issues.
A patient is blaming his impending divorce on the fact that his wife goes out frequently with her girlfriends. If using reality therapy, the nurse would help the patient with which of the following responses?
- A. If you really love her, she should love you as well.
- B. What does being divorced mean for you?
- C. How do you feel about your marriage ending?
- D. What role do you think you have played in the end of your marriage?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reality therapy encourages clients to examine their own behaviors and their impact on life goals, such as taking responsibility for their role in the divorce.
A college student decides to go to a party the night before a major exam instead of studying. After receiving a low score on the exam, the student tells a fellow student, 'I have to work too much and don't have time to study. It wouldn't matter anyway because the teacher is so unreasonable.' The defense mechanisms the student is using are
- A. Denial and displacement
- B. Rationalization and projection
- C. Reaction formation and resistance
- D. Regression and compensation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The student uses rationalization by excusing poor performance with external factors (work) and projection by blaming the teacher's unreasonableness for the outcome.