Nokea
The nurse is assessing a client who is talking about her son's recent death but who shows no emotion of any kind. The nurse recognizes this behavior as which of the following defense mechanisms?
- A. Dissociation
- B. Displacement
- C. Intellectualization
- D. Suppression
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intellectualization involves discussing a painful event factually without expressing associated emotions, as seen in the client's behavior. Dissociation, displacement, and suppression involve different coping mechanisms.
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Which of the following is a major developmental task of middle adulthood?
- A. Developing intimacy
- B. Learning to manage conflict
- C. Reexamining life goals
- D. Resolving the past
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In middle adulthood, reexamining life goals is a key task in Erikson's generativity vs. stagnation stage, focusing on productivity and satisfaction.
A basic assumption of Freud's psychoanalytic theory is that
- A. All human behavior can be caused and can be explained.
- B. Human behavior is entirely unconscious.
- C. Free association is the key to understanding.
- D. Sexuality does not relate to behavior.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Freud's psychoanalytic theory posits that all behavior has a cause, whether conscious or unconscious, driven by internal forces like the id, ego, and superego.
Which of the following are examples of adventitious crises?
- A. Death of a loved one
- B. Natural disasters
- C. Violent crimes
- D. War
- E. Leaving home for the first time
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Adventitious crises involve unpredictable events like natural disasters, violent crimes, or war. Death of a loved one is a situational crisis, and leaving home is a maturational crisis.
The nurse understands that crises are self-limiting. This implies that upon evaluation of crisis intervention, the nurse should assess for which outcome?
- A. The patient will identify possible causes for the crisis.
- B. The patient will discover a new sense of self-sufficiency in coping.
- C. The patient will resume the precrisis level of functioning.
- D. The patient will express anger regarding the crisis event.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Crises usually last 4 to 6 weeks. At resolution, the person either returns to their precrisis level of functioning, functions at a higher level, or stabilizes at a lower level. Returning to precrisis functioning is a positive outcome. Identifying causes may lead to guilt, and persistent anger at 4 to 6 weeks suggests an unfavorable outcome.
The nurse has established a therapeutic relationship with a patient. The patient is beginning to share feelings openly with the nurse. The relationship has entered which phase according to Peplau's theory?
- A. Orientation
- B. Identification
- C. Exploitation
- D. Resolution
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In Peplau's theory, the identification phase is when the client works interdependently with the nurse, expresses feelings, and begins to feel stronger. This follows the orientation phase and precedes exploitation and resolution.