Nokea
A patient who has oral candidiasis will begin using nystatin suspension to treat the infection. What information will the nurse include when teaching this patient?
- A. Coat the buccal mucosa with the drug and then rinse your mouth
- B. Gargle with the nystatin and then spit it out without swallowing
- C. Mix the suspension with 4 ounces of water and then drink it
- D. Swish the liquid in your mouth and then swallow after a few minutes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nystatin should coat the mouth and be swallowed for oral candidiasis; spitting or rinsing reduces efficacy. Patients should be taught to swish the suspension in the mouth to coat the tongue and buccal mucosa and then swallow the medication.
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A nurse is explaining to a young mother why she cannot give her 2-year-old child an adult dose of Tylenol. Which of the following statements would indicate that the mother needs further education?
- A. There could be a time when my child may need a higher dose than normal.'
- B. My baby's dose of Tylenol is based on a healthy adult male.'
- C. My baby can't handle a high dose of Tylenol because her liver may be damaged.'
- D. My child's dose of Tylenol should be based on her weight or age.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A child's dose is never based on an adult's dose. However, on rare occasions a child's dose might be higher than normal if a critical concentration cannot be reached with a smaller dose and a higher dose would not be harmful. Benefits from the increased dosage would have to outweigh the risk for adverse or toxic effects. A child's organs may not be mature enough to handle drugs, causing drug metabolism to be altered. A child's dosages are determined by the age, weight, or body surface.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is starting Simvastatin. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Take this medication in the evening.
- B. Change position slowly when rising from a chair.
- C. Maintain a steady intake of green leafy vegetables.
- D. Consume no more than 1 L/day of fluid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Simvastatin is taken in the evening when cholesterol synthesis peaks.
A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a 4-month-old infant. Which of the following pharmacokinetic principles should the nurse consider when administering medications to this client?
- A. Infants have a more rapid gastric emptying time.
- B. Infants have normal liver function.
- C. Infants have a more rapid gastric emptying time.
- D. Infants have an increased ability to absorb topical medications.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Immature liver function affects metabolism, and increased topical absorption occurs due to thinner skin; rapid gastric emptying (A,C) is incorrect.
Which of the following drugs can be used in cases of beta blocker overdose?
- A. Glucagon
- B. Flumazenil
- C. Deferoxamine
- D. Naloxone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucagon increases cardiac contractility via a non-beta receptor pathway, making it effective in beta-blocker overdose.
A classic drug interaction resulting in an increased bleeding time, involves warfarin and:
- A. Vitamin B6
- B. Aspirin
- C. Folic acid
- D. Rifampin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation, enhancing warfarin's anticoagulant effect and increasing bleeding risk.