Nokea
Lactacidosis is most frequent in the cases of:
- A. While treated with acarbose
- B. While treated with glibenclamid
- C. While treated with metformin
- D. Triamcinolone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metformin is the most common cause of lactic acidosis among antidiabetic drugs, particularly in renal failure.
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The safest drug to use to treat pregnant women with deep vein thrombosis is:
- A. Low-molecular-weight heparin
- B. Warfarin
- C. Aspirin
- D. Heparin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Heparin is safest in pregnancy as it doesn't cross the placenta, unlike warfarin (B, teratogenic); LMWH is also safe but not listed as 'heparin.'
The Alkaline Drug (Amidopy rine) is absorbed from
- A. Stomach
- B. Proximal small intestine
- C. Distal small intestine
- D. Colon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Basic drugs like amidopyrine are ionized in the stomach (acidic pH) and absorbed in the small intestine (neutral pH).
Beta blockers are the drugs of choice for exertional angina because they:
- A. Improve myocardial oxygen supply by vasodilating the coronary arteries
- B. Decrease myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing heart rate and vascular resistance
- C. Both 1 and 2
- D. Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta blockers reduce oxygen demand by lowering heart rate and resistance, not by vasodilation.
A nurse is explaining to a young mother why she cannot give her 2-year-old child an adult dose of Tylenol. Which of the following statements would indicate that the mother needs further education?
- A. There could be a time when my child may need a higher dose than normal.'
- B. My baby's dose of Tylenol is based on a healthy adult male.'
- C. My baby can't handle a high dose of Tylenol because her liver may be damaged.'
- D. My child's dose of Tylenol should be based on her weight or age.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A child's dose is never based on an adult's dose. However, on rare occasions a child's dose might be higher than normal if a critical concentration cannot be reached with a smaller dose and a higher dose would not be harmful. Benefits from the increased dosage would have to outweigh the risk for adverse or toxic effects. A child's organs may not be mature enough to handle drugs, causing drug metabolism to be altered. A child's dosages are determined by the age, weight, or body surface.
Activation of central alpha2 receptors results in inhibition of cardio acceleration and centers in the brain.
- A. Vasodilation
- B. Vasoconstriction
- C. Cardiovascular
- D. Respiratory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alpha2 receptor activation (e.g., by clonidine) causes vasoconstriction and reduced sympathetic outflow.