Nokea
Oral rehydration solution has been employed in following EXCEPT:
- A. Severe vomiting
- B. Burn cases
- C. Heat stroke
- D. Diarrhoea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is used in diarrhea, burns, and heat stroke to replace fluids and electrolytes, but severe vomiting limits its effectiveness due to inability to retain it.
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The nurse uses what term to describe the drug level required to have a therapeutic effect?
- A. Critical concentration
- B. Dynamic equilibrium
- C. Selective toxicity
- D. Active transport
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A critical concentration of a drug must be present before a reaction occurs within the cells to bring about the desired therapeutic effect. A dynamic equilibrium is obtained from absorption of a drug from the site of drug entry, distribution to the active site, metabolism in the liver, and excretion from the body to have a critical concentration. Selective toxicity is the ability of a drug to attach only to those systems found in foreign cells. Active transport is the process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane and is often involved in drug excretion in the kidney.
The nurse administers a specific medication to an older adult patient every 4 hours. The patient has a history of chronic renal failure. Why would this patient be at risk for toxic drug levels?
- A. Cumulative effect
- B. First-pass effect
- C. Drug interactions
- D. Cross-tolerance effect
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: If a drug is taken in successive doses at intervals that are shorter than recommended, or if the body is unable to eliminate a drug properly, the drug can accumulate in the body, leading to toxic levels and adverse effects. This is a cumulative effect. First-pass effect addresses the reduction of available drug when taken orally due to metabolism in the liver before the drug reaches the bloodstream. Drug interactions occur when taken with other drugs, food, or complementary alternative therapies. Cross-tolerance is resistance to drugs within the same class.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is starting Simvastatin. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Take this medication in the evening.
- B. Change position slowly when rising from a chair.
- C. Maintain a steady intake of green leafy vegetables.
- D. Consume no more than 1 L/day of fluid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Simvastatin is taken in the evening when cholesterol synthesis peaks.
Beta blockers are the drugs of choice for exertional angina because they:
- A. Improve myocardial oxygen supply by vasodilating the coronary arteries
- B. Decrease myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing heart rate and vascular resistance
- C. Both 1 and 2
- D. Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta blockers reduce oxygen demand by lowering heart rate and resistance, not by vasodilation.
When documenting, which of the following would be appropriate for the nurse to use at accredited health care organizations? Select one that does not apply.
- A. IU
- B. 2mg
- C. 0.2 mg
- D. Units
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Always use a leading zero when writing decimals (i.e., 0.2 mg, not .2 mg) and leave off the trailing zero (i.e., 2 mg, not 2.0 mg). Always write out units, international units, and daily; do not use U, IU, or QD.