Nursing School Drug Classifications

Nursing School Drug Classifications Related

Review Nursing School Drug Classifications related questions and content

Discharge planning for patients leaving the hospital should include instructions on the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which comment by the patient would demonstrate a good understanding of OTC drugs?

  • A. OTC drugs are safe and do not cause adverse effects if taken properly.
  • B. OTC drugs have been around for years and have not been tested by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
  • C. OTC drugs are different from any drugs available by prescription and cost less.
  • D. OTC drugs could cause serious harm if not taken according to directions.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: It is important to follow package directions because OTCs are medications that can cause serious harm if not taken properly. OTCs are drugs that have been determined to be safe when taken as directed; however, all drugs can produce adverse effects even when taken properly. They may have originally been prescription drugs that were tested by the FDA or they may have been grandfathered in when the FDA laws changed. OTC education should always be included as a part of the hospital discharge instructions.

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A characteristic that distinguishes true receptors from other drug binding sites present in blood and other biological tissues is the characteristic of:

  • A. binding affinity
  • B. reversible binding
  • C. signal transduction
  • D. stereoselective interaction
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Reversible binding is a key feature of true receptors, distinguishing them from non-specific binding sites like plasma proteins.

Genetic polymorphisms account for differences in metabolism, including:

  • A. Poor metabolizers, who lack a working enzyme
  • B. Intermediate metabolizers, who have one working, wild-type allele and one mutant
  • C. Extensive metabolizers, with two normally functioning alleles
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All listed phenotypes (A-C) result from genetic polymorphisms affecting drug metabolism, making D correct.

The nurse uses what term to describe the drug level required to have a therapeutic effect?

  • A. Critical concentration
  • B. Dynamic equilibrium
  • C. Selective toxicity
  • D. Active transport
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A critical concentration of a drug must be present before a reaction occurs within the cells to bring about the desired therapeutic effect. A dynamic equilibrium is obtained from absorption of a drug from the site of drug entry, distribution to the active site, metabolism in the liver, and excretion from the body to have a critical concentration. Selective toxicity is the ability of a drug to attach only to those systems found in foreign cells. Active transport is the process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane and is often involved in drug excretion in the kidney.

A classic drug interaction resulting in an increased bleeding time, involves warfarin and:

  • A. Vitamin B6
  • B. Aspirin
  • C. Folic acid
  • D. Rifampin
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation, enhancing warfarin's anticoagulant effect and increasing bleeding risk.

A charge nurse is planning a staff education session to discuss medications used during the care of a client experiencing alcohol withdrawal. Which of the following medications should the charge nurse include in the discussion?

  • A. Lorazepam
  • B. Prednisolone
  • C. Disulfiram
  • D. Naltrexone
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Lorazepam and diazepam manage withdrawal symptoms; disulfiram and naltrexone are for maintenance.

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